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The Möbius function () is a multiplicative function in number theory introduced by the German mathematician August Ferdinand Möbius (also transliterated Moebius) in 1832. [i] [ii] [2] It is ubiquitous in elementary and analytic number theory and most often appears as part of its namesake the Möbius inversion formula.
Examples of this trope include Martin Gardner ' s "No-Sided Professor" (1946), Armin Joseph Deutsch ' s "A Subway Named Mobius" (1950) and the film Moebius (1996) based on it. An entire world shaped like a Möbius strip is the setting of Arthur C. Clarke 's "The Wall of Darkness" (1946), while conventional Möbius strips are used as clever ...
The formula is also correct if f and g are functions from the positive integers into some abelian group (viewed as a Z-module). In the language of Dirichlet convolutions, the first formula may be written as = where ∗ denotes the Dirichlet convolution, and 1 is the constant function 1(n) = 1. The second formula is then written as
[21] [5] Similarly, if the three utilities puzzle is presented on a sheet of a transparent material, it may be solved after twisting and gluing the sheet to form a Möbius strip. [ 22 ] Another way of changing the rules of the puzzle that would make it solvable, suggested by Henry Dudeney , is to allow utility lines to pass through other houses ...
His interest in number theory led to the important Möbius function μ(n) and the Möbius inversion formula. In Euclidean geometry, he systematically developed the use of signed angles and line segments as a way of simplifying and unifying results.
In graph theory, the Möbius ladder M n, for even numbers n, is formed from an n-cycle by adding edges (called "rungs") connecting opposite pairs of vertices in the cycle. It is a cubic, circulant graph, so-named because (with the exception of M 6 (the utility graph K 3,3), M n has exactly n/2 four-cycles [1] which link together by their shared edges to form a topological Möbius strip.
There are several equivalent definitions of a Riemann surface. A Riemann surface X is a connected complex manifold of complex dimension one. This means that X is a connected Hausdorff space that is endowed with an atlas of charts to the open unit disk of the complex plane: for every point x ∈ X there is a neighbourhood of x that is homeomorphic to the open unit disk of the complex plane, and ...
The existence of the inverse Möbius transformation and its explicit formula are easily derived by the composition of the inverse functions of the simpler transformations. That is, define functions g 1 , g 2 , g 3 , g 4 such that each g i is the inverse of f i .