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Canopic jars are containers that were used by the ancient Egyptians during the mummification process, to store and preserve the viscera of their soul for the afterlife. The earliest and most common versions were made from stone, but later styles were carved from wood. [ 1 ]
From the Middle Kingdom onward, they were almost always portrayed or invoked in the decoration of coffins, sarcophagi, and canopic equipment. [4] During the late New Kingdom, jars that contained shabtis, a common type of funerary figurine, were given lids shaped like the heads of the sons of Horus, similar to the lids of canopic jars. [32]
This contained the canopic jar containing Hetepheres organs. In the center of the lid was a loam seal that secured a cord around the chest. The seal was protected by a small perforated ceramic lid. The clay surface was badly damaged. It certainly mentioned the "mortuary of Khufu", as did the other seals found in the tomb. [12]
[3] [4] Her name and titles survived on her canopic jars and on an alabaster vessel found in her tomb. [5] The tomb was excavated in 1914 by Flinders Petrie and Guy Brunton. It had previously been robbed in antiquity but a niche in the burial site escaped the looters' attention.
Canopic jars became used to hold their internal organs. Amulets of gold, faience , and carnelian first appeared in various shapes to protect different parts of the body. There is also the first evidence of inscriptions inside the coffins of the elite during the Old Kingdom.
Canopic chest – the common chest contained the four Canopic jars Cartonnage – papyrus or linen soaked in plaster, shaped around a body and used for mummy masks and coffins Cenotaph – an empty tomb or a monument erected in honor of a person or group of people whose remains are elsewhere
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Canopic chests are cases used by ancient Egyptians to contain the internal organs removed during the process of mummification. Once canopic jars began to be used in the late Fourth Dynasty , the jars were placed within canopic chests.
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