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In atomic physics, the electron magnetic moment, or more specifically the electron magnetic dipole moment, is the magnetic moment of an electron resulting from its intrinsic properties of spin and electric charge. The value of the electron magnetic moment (symbol μ e) is −9.284 764 6917 (29) × 10 −24 J⋅T −1. [1]
magnetic moments due to its unpaired electron spins (paramagnetic contribution), if any; orbital motion of its electrons, which in the ground state is often proportional to the external magnetic field (diamagnetic contribution) the combined magnetic moment of its nuclear spins, which depends on the nuclear spin configuration.
Magnetic properties arise from the spin and orbital angular momentum of the electrons contained in a compound. Compounds are diamagnetic when they contain no unpaired electrons. Molecular compounds that contain one or more unpaired electrons are paramagnetic. The magnitude of the paramagnetism is expressed as an effective magnetic moment, μ eff.
The magnetic properties of materials are mainly due to the magnetic moments of their atoms' orbiting electrons. The magnetic moments of the nuclei of atoms are typically thousands of times smaller than the electrons' magnetic moments, so they are negligible in the context of the magnetization of materials.
The net magnetic moment of an atom is equal to the vector sum of orbital and spin magnetic moments of all electrons and the nucleus. The magnetic moment of the nucleus is negligible compared with that of the electrons. The magnetic moments of the electrons that occupy the same orbital, called paired electrons, cancel each other out. [126]
The magnetic quantum number determines the energy shift of an atomic orbital due to an external magnetic field (the Zeeman effect) — hence the name magnetic quantum number. However, the actual magnetic dipole moment of an electron in an atomic orbital arises not only from the electron angular momentum but also from the electron spin ...
If you’re stuck on today’s Wordle answer, we’re here to help—but beware of spoilers for Wordle 1262 ahead. Let's start with a few hints.
The Weiss magneton was experimentally derived in 1911 as a unit of magnetic moment equal to 1.53 × 10 −24 joules per tesla, which is about 20% of the Bohr magneton. In the summer of 1913, the values for the natural units of atomic angular momentum and magnetic moment were obtained by the Danish physicist Niels Bohr as a consequence of his ...