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In fluid dynamics, an isentropic flow is a fluid flow that is both adiabatic and reversible. That is, no heat is added to the flow, and no energy transformations occur due to friction or dissipative effects. For an isentropic flow of a perfect gas, several relations can be derived to define the pressure, density and temperature along a streamline.
Isentropic analysis of the 300 kelvin isotrope and the weather satellite image of clouds during a blizzard in Colorado In meteorology , isentropic analysis is a technique used to find the vertical and horizontal motion of airmasses during an adiabatic (i.e. non-heat-exchanging) process above the planetary boundary layer .
Isentropic is the combination of the Greek word "iso" (which means - same) and entropy. When the change in flow variables is small and gradual, isentropic flows occur. The generation of sound waves is an isentropic process. A supersonic flow that is turned while there is an increase in flow area is also isentropic.
An isothermal process is a type of thermodynamic process in which the temperature T of a system remains constant: ΔT = 0. This typically occurs when a system is in contact with an outside thermal reservoir, and a change in the system occurs slowly enough to allow the system to be continuously adjusted to the temperature of the reservoir through heat exchange (see quasi-equilibrium).
In fact, all of the heat which comes in through the left isochore comes out through the right isochore: since the top isotherm is all at the same warmer temperature and the bottom isotherm is all at the same cooler temperature , and since change in energy for an isochore is proportional to change in temperature, then all of the heat coming in ...
In the first, constant-volume case (locked piston), there is no external motion, and thus no mechanical work is done on the atmosphere; C V is used. In the second case, additional work is done as the volume changes, so the amount of heat required to raise the gas temperature (the specific heat capacity) is higher for this constant-pressure case.
Each process has a well-defined start and end point in the pressure-volume state space. In this particular example, processes 1 and 3 are isothermal , whereas processes 2 and 4 are isochoric . The PV diagram is a particularly useful visualization of a quasi-static process, because the area under the curve of a process is the amount of work done ...
2–3: Isentropic expansion; 3–1: Constant pressure heat rejection. The expansion process is isentropic and hence involves no heat interaction. Energy is absorbed as heat during the isochoric heating and rejected as work during the isentropic expansion. Waste heat is rejected during the isobaric cooling which consumes some work.