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Faulhaber's formula concerns expressing the sum of the p-th powers of the first n positive integers = = + + + + as a (p + 1)th-degree polynomial function of n.. The first few examples are well known.
7.2 Sum of reciprocal of factorials. 7.3 Trigonometry and ... See Faulhaber's formula.
In mathematics and statistics, sums of powers occur in a number of contexts: . Sums of squares arise in many contexts. For example, in geometry, the Pythagorean theorem involves the sum of two squares; in number theory, there are Legendre's three-square theorem and Jacobi's four-square theorem; and in statistics, the analysis of variance involves summing the squares of quantities.
Therefore, the sum equals the product. The function that appears in the denominator in the third and fourth lines of the formula is the Euler function. The equality between the product on the first line and the formulas in the third and fourth lines is Euler's pentagonal number theorem.
In mathematics, summation is the addition of a sequence of numbers, called addends or summands; the result is their sum or total.Beside numbers, other types of values can be summed as well: functions, vectors, matrices, polynomials and, in general, elements of any type of mathematical objects on which an operation denoted "+" is defined.
where the terms for i = 0 were taken out of the sum because p 0 is (usually) not defined. This equation immediately gives the k -th Newton identity in k variables. Since this is an identity of symmetric polynomials (homogeneous) of degree k , its validity for any number of variables follows from its validity for k variables.
Vieta's formulas can be proved by considering the equality + + + + = () (which is true since ,, …, are all the roots of this polynomial), expanding the products in the right-hand side, and equating the coefficients of each power of between the two members of the equation.
The formula for an integration by parts is () ′ = [() ()] ′ (). Beside the boundary conditions , we notice that the first integral contains two multiplied functions, one which is integrated in the final integral ( g ′ {\displaystyle g'} becomes g {\displaystyle g} ) and one which is differentiated ( f {\displaystyle f} becomes f ...