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Two, 16 bit MCA slots (top and middle). At the bottom is an MCA slot for an IBM 8514 card.. Micro Channel architecture, or the Micro Channel bus, is a proprietary 16-or 32-bit parallel computer bus publicly introduced by IBM in 1987 which was used on PS/2 and other computers until the mid-1990s.
Four PCI Express bus card slots (from top to second from bottom: ×4, ×16, ×1 and ×16), compared to a 32-bit conventional PCI bus card slot (very bottom). In computer architecture, a bus (historically also called a data highway [1] or databus) is a communication system that transfers data between components inside a computer or between computers. [2]
32-bit and 16-bit versions EISA: 1988 [7] edge card: 20 MByte/s: IBM clones: 32-bit version of ISA-16 more or less. NuBus: 1987: DIN 41612: 40 MByte/s: NeXT, Macintosh II: Amiga Zorro III: 1990 [8] 2×50 2.54 mm card edge: 150 MByte/s: Amiga: Multiplexed 32-bit. PDS: 1990: DIN 41612: Macintosh LC: PCI-32/33: 1993 [9] card edge: 133 MByte/s ...
The original standard was a 16-bit bus, designed to fit within the existing Eurocard DIN connectors. However, there have been several updates to the system to allow wider bus widths. The current VME64 includes a full 64-bit bus in 6U-sized cards and 32-bit in 3U cards. The VME64 protocol has a typical performance of 40 MB/s. [3]
64-bit memory addressing is also added, but is only permitted when there is no equivalent 32-bit address. [30] The Intel Z170 chipset can be configured to implement either this bus or a variant of the LPC bus that is missing its ISA-style DMA capability and is underclocked to 24 MHz instead of the standard 33 MHz. [32]
Diagram showing the different key positions for 32-bit and 64-bit PCI cards. These specifications represent the most common version of PCI used in normal PCs: 33.33 MHz clock with synchronous transfers; Peak transfer rate of 133 MB/s (133 megabytes per second) for 32-bit bus width (33.33 MHz × 32 bits ÷ 8 bits/byte = 133 MB/s) 32-bit bus width
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However, the opposite is often true for newer 32-bit designs. For example, the Pentium Pro processor is a 32-bit machine, with 32-bit registers and instructions that manipulate 32-bit quantities, but the external address bus is 36 bits wide, giving a larger address space than 4 GB, and the external data bus is 64 bits wide, primarily in order ...