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Ancient Sumerian cylinder seal impression showing the god Dumuzid being tortured in the Underworld by galla demons Devotional scene, with Temple. The Sumerian afterlife was a dark, dreary cavern located deep below the ground, [22] [23] where inhabitants were believed to continue "a shadowy version of life on earth". [22]
Ancient Sumerian cylinder seal impression showing the god Dumuzid being tortured in the underworld by galla demons. The ancient Mesopotamian underworld (known in Sumerian as Kur, Irkalla, Kukku, Arali, or Kigal, and in Akkadian as Erṣetu), was the lowermost part of the ancient near eastern cosmos, roughly parallel to the region known as Tartarus from early Greek cosmology.
Sumerians envisioned Earth to be a rectangular field with four corners. [84] The Sumerian afterlife involved a descent into a gloomy netherworld to spend eternity in a wretched existence as a Gidim (ghost). [84] The universe was divided into four quarters:
The god Marduk and his dragon Mušḫuššu. Ancient Mesopotamian religion encompasses the religious beliefs (concerning the gods, creation and the cosmos, the origin of man, and so forth) and practices of the civilizations of ancient Mesopotamia, particularly Sumer, Akkad, Assyria and Babylonia between circa 6000 BC [1] and 400 AD.
Eridu Genesis, also called the Sumerian Creation Myth, Sumerian Flood Story and the Sumerian Deluge Myth, [1] [2] offers a description of the story surrounding how humanity was created by the gods, how the office of kingship entered human civilization, the circumstances leading to the origins of the first cities, and the global flood.
The Sumerian version, entitled Descent of Inanna into the Underworld, comprises 400 lines and is the modern designation for the myth. The incipit, which designates the Sumerian text, bestows upon it the title Angalta, which translates to "From the Great Sky." [4] This version, discovered after the Akkadian version, is of a more archaic provenance.
Ninurta (Sumerian: 𒀭𒊩𒌆𒅁: D NIN. URTA, possible meaning "Lord [of] Barley"), [1] also known as Ninĝirsu (Sumerian: 𒀭𒎏𒄈𒋢: D NIN. ĜIR 2.SU, meaning "Lord [of] Girsu"), [2] is an ancient Mesopotamian god associated with farming, healing, hunting, law, scribes, and war who was first worshipped in early Sumer.
A Sumerian paradise is usually associated with the Dilmun civilization of Eastern Arabia. Sir Henry Rawlinson first suggested the geographical location of Dilmun was in Bahrain in 1880. [2] This theory was later promoted by Friedrich Delitzsch in his book Wo lag das Paradies in 1881, suggesting that it was at the head of the Persian Gulf. [3]