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Cyanamide can be regarded as a functional single carbon fragment which can react as an electrophile or nucleophile. The main reaction exhibited by cyanamide involves additions of compounds containing an acidic proton. Water, hydrogen sulfide, and hydrogen selenide react with cyanamide to give urea, thiourea, and selenourea, respectively:
The global annual production of thiourea is around 10,000 tonnes. About 40% is produced in Germany, another 40% in China, and 20% in Japan. Thiourea can be produced from ammonium thiocyanate, but more commonly it is manufactured by the reaction of hydrogen sulfide with calcium cyanamide in the presence of carbon dioxide. [7]
N,N′-unsubstituted thioureas can be prepared by treating the corresponding cyanamide with hydrogen sulfide or similar sulfide sources. [4] Organic ammonium salts react with potassium thiocyanate as the source of the thiocarbonyl (C=S). [5] Alternatively, N,N′-disubstituted thioureas can be prepared by coupling two amines with thiophosgene: [6]
Hydrogen sulfide is a chemical compound with the formula H 2 S.It is a colorless chalcogen-hydride gas, and is poisonous, corrosive, and flammable, with trace amounts in ambient atmosphere having a characteristic foul odor of rotten eggs. [11]
The conversion is conducted in slurries. For this reason, most commercial calcium cyanamide is sold as an aqueous solution. Thiourea can be produced by the reaction of hydrogen sulfide with calcium cyanamide in the presence of carbon dioxide. [15] Calcium cyanamide is also used as a wire-fed alloy in steelmaking to introduce nitrogen into the ...
The most hazardous compound is hydrogen cyanide, which is a gas and kills by inhalation. For this reason, working with hydrogen cyanide requires wearing an air respirator supplied by an external oxygen source. [11] Hydrogen cyanide is produced by adding acid to a solution containing a cyanide salt.
At physiological pH, hydrogen sulfide is usually fully ionized to bisulfide (HS −). Therefore, in biochemical settings, "hydrogen sulfide" is often used to mean, bisulfide. Hydrosulfide has been identified as the third gasotransmitter along with nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. [5]
Pseudohalogens occur in pseudohalogen molecules, inorganic molecules of the general forms Ps–Ps or Ps–X (where Ps is a pseudohalogen group), such as cyanogen; pseudohalide anions, such as cyanide ion; inorganic acids, such as hydrogen cyanide; as ligands in coordination complexes, such as ferricyanide; and as functional groups in organic ...