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The ghost pepper, [2] [3] also known as bhüt jolokia (lit. ' Bhutanese pepper ' or 'Ghost pepper' in Assamese [ 4 ] ), is an interspecific hybrid chili pepper cultivated in Northeast India . [ 5 ] [ 6 ] It is a hybrid of Capsicum chinense and Capsicum frutescens .
The pepper being used is the thumb-sized bhut jolokia (or ghost chili) which had previously been recognised by Guinness World Records as the hottest pepper in the world, but was later superseded by two other pepper cultivars, the Carolina Reaper and the Trinidad moruga scorpion. [6] [7] One bhut jolokia is more than 1,000,000 Scoville units. [8]
In 2001, Paul Bosland, a researcher at the Chile Pepper Institute at New Mexico State University, visited India to collect specimens of ghost pepper, also called the Bhut Jolokia or Naga king chili, [4] traditionally grown near Assam, India, which was being studied by the Indian army for weaponization.
The Naga Viper pepper is a hot chili pepper developed in England. In 2011, it was recorded as the "World's Hottest Chili" by the Guinness World Records with a rating of 1,382,118 Scoville heat units (SHU), [1] but was surpassed in SHU by the Carolina Reaper, in 2017, and again by the latest world record holder Pepper X in 2023.
Like many varieties of the Chinense species, the Naga Morich is a small-medium shrub with large leaves, small, five-petaled flowers, and blisteringly hot fruit. It differs from the Bhut Jolokia and Bih Jolokia in that it is slightly smaller with a pimply ribbed texture as opposed to the smoother flesh of the other two varieties.
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Furthermore, according to legends, it is believed that during the New Year, a monstrous beast known as Nian would appear and wreak havoc on local villages. The wreckage caused by Nian was only stopped when the colour red was placed everywhere, and fireworks and loud noises were set off to scare the beast away.