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Livor mortis, or dependent lividity, a settling of the blood in the lower (dependent) portion of the body; Algor mortis, the reduction in body temperature following death. This is generally a steady decline until matching ambient temperature; Rigor mortis, the limbs of the corpse become stiff (Latin rigor) and difficult to move or manipulate
Livor mortis (from Latin līvor 'bluish color, bruise' and mortis 'of death'), postmortem lividity (from Latin post mortem 'after death' and lividitas 'black and blueness'), hypostasis (from Greek ὑπό (hypo) 'under, beneath' and στάσις (stasis) 'a standing') [1] [2] or suggillation, is the second stage of death and one of the signs of ...
Rigor mortis [a] (from Latin rigor 'stiffness' and mortis 'of death'), or postmortem rigidity, is the fourth stage of death. It is one of the recognizable signs of death , characterized by stiffening of the limbs of the corpse caused by chemical changes in the muscles postmortem (mainly calcium). [ 1 ]
Rigor mortis: stiffening of limbs. Conditions at the scene of death affect the estimation of time of death. To algor mortis, livor mortis and rigor mortis, together with consideration of stomach contents, there needs to be some observation of environmental conditions at the death scene to accurately measure the PMI (Fig. 1). [4]
A fresh pig carcass. At this stage the remains are usually intact and free of insects. The corpse progresses through algor mortis (a reduction in body temperature until ambient temperature is reached), rigor mortis (the temporary stiffening of the limbs due to chemical changes in the muscles), and livor mortis (pooling of the blood on the side of the body that is closest to the ground).
Rigor mortis can sometimes be difficult to determine, so it is often reported along with other determining factors. Obvious decomposition Livor mortis (lividity), indicating that the body has been pulseless and in the same position long enough for blood to sink and collect within the body, creating purplish discolorations at the lowest points ...
Cadaveric spasm can be distinguished from rigor mortis as the former is a stronger stiffening of the muscles that cannot be easily undone, while rigor mortis can. [ 2 ] The cause is unknown but is usually associated with violent deaths under extreme physical circumstances with intense emotion , such as the circumstances associated with death ...
Nysten's rule (1811) describes the sequential onset of rigor mortis in the various muscle groups. The basic sequence of the solidifying body begins from the head down the body, in the order: [1] Involuntary muscle first: Heart; Upper eyelids; Neck; Jaw; Face; Upper extremities; Muscles of the trunk; Lower extremities