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  2. Financial correlation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_correlation

    Financial correlations measure the relationship between the changes of two or more financial variables over time. For example, the prices of equity stocks and fixed interest bonds often move in opposite directions: when investors sell stocks, they often use the proceeds to buy bonds and vice versa.

  3. Heston model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heston_model

    In finance, the Heston model, named after Steven L. Heston, is a mathematical model that describes the evolution of the volatility of an underlying asset. [1] It is a stochastic volatility model: such a model assumes that the volatility of the asset is not constant, nor even deterministic, but follows a random process.

  4. Beneish M-score - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beneish_M-Score

    Beneish M-score is a probabilistic model, so it cannot detect companies that manipulate their earnings with 100% accuracy. Financial institutions were excluded from the sample in Beneish paper when calculating M-score since these institutions make money through different routes.

  5. Risk-weighted asset - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risk-Weighted_Asset

    Risk-weighted asset (also referred to as RWA) is a bank's assets or off-balance-sheet exposures, weighted according to risk. [1] This sort of asset calculation is used in determining the capital requirement or Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) for a financial institution.

  6. Beta (finance) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_(finance)

    By definition, the value-weighted average of all market-betas of all investable assets with respect to the value-weighted market index is 1. If an asset has a beta above 1, it indicates that its return moves more than 1-to-1 with the return of the market-portfolio, on average; that is, it is more volatile than the market.

  7. Fama–MacBeth regression - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fama–MacBeth_regression

    The Fama–MacBeth regression is a method used to estimate parameters for asset pricing models such as the capital asset pricing model (CAPM). The method estimates the betas and risk premia for any risk factors that are expected to determine asset prices.

  8. Asset allocation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asset_allocation

    The linear correlation between monthly index return series and the actual monthly actual return series was measured at 90.2%, with shared variance of 81.4%. Ibbotson concluded 1) that asset allocation explained 40% of the variation of returns across funds, and 2) that it explained virtually 100% of the level of fund returns.

  9. Value at risk - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value_at_risk

    The 5% Value at Risk of a hypothetical profit-and-loss probability density function. Value at risk (VaR) is a measure of the risk of loss of investment/capital.It estimates how much a set of investments might lose (with a given probability), given normal market conditions, in a set time period such as a day.