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The creation of sparks from metals is based on the pyrophoricity of small metal particles, and pyrophoric alloys are made for this purpose. [2] Practical applications include the sparking mechanisms in lighters and various toys, using ferrocerium; starting fires without matches, using a firesteel; the flintlock mechanism in firearms; and spark testing ferrous metals.
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The red lithium flame leads to lithium's use in flares and pyrotechnics Copper compounds glow green or blue-green in a flame. Calcium compounds glow orange in a flame. Sodium compounds glow yellow in a flame. A pyrotechnic colorant is a chemical compound which causes a flame to burn with a particular color.
A variety of food colorings, added to beakers of water. Food coloring, color additive or colorant is any dye, pigment, or substance that imparts color when it is added to food or beverages. Colorants can be supplied as liquids, powders, gels, or pastes. Food coloring is commonly used in commercial products and in domestic cooking.
The hydrated form, lithium nitrate trihydrate, has an extremely high specific heat of fusion, 287 ± 7 J/g, [3] and hence can be used for thermal energy storage at its melt temperature of 303.3 K. [4] Lithium nitrate has been proposed as a medium to store heat collected from the sun for cooking.
The color of chemicals is a physical property of chemicals that in most cases comes from the excitation of electrons due to an absorption of energy performed by the chemical. The study of chemical structure by means of energy absorption and release is generally referred to as spectroscopy .
Several of the CPK colors refer mnemonically to colors of the pure elements or notable compound. For example, hydrogen is a colorless gas, carbon as charcoal, graphite or coke is black, sulfur powder is yellow, chlorine is a greenish gas, bromine is a dark red liquid, iodine in ether is violet, amorphous phosphorus is red, rust is dark orange-red, etc.
Eutectic mixtures of alkali metal nitrates are used as molten salts. For example, a 40:7:53 mixture of NaNO 2: NaNO 3:KNO 3 melts at 142 °C and is stable to about 600 °C. [4] A minor use is for coloring the light emitted by fireworks: [5] lithium nitrate produces a red color, sodium nitrate produces a yellow/orange color,