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Other schools of economic thought, such as new classical macroeconomics, [citation needed] hold that countercyclical policies may be counterproductive or destabilizing, and therefore favor a laissez-faire fiscal policy as a better method for maintaining an overall robust economy. When the government adopts a countercyclical fiscal policy in ...
Degrowth is an academic and social movement critical of the concept of growth in gross domestic product as a measure of human and economic development. [1] [2] [3] The idea of degrowth is based on ideas and research from economic anthropology, ecological economics, environmental sciences, and development studies.
Social cycle theories are among the earliest social theories in sociology.Unlike the theory of social evolutionism, which views the evolution of society and human history as progressing in some new, unique direction(s), sociological cycle theory argues that events and stages of society and history generally repeat themselves in cycles.
Trickle-up economics (also known as bubble-up economics) is an economic policy proposition that final demand among a broad population can stimulate national income in an economy. The trickle-up effect states that policies that directly benefit lower income individuals will boost the income of society as a whole, and thus those benefits will ...
Bell, Peter and Cleaver, Harry [1982] Marx's Theory of Crisis as a Theory of Class Struggle first published in 'Research in Political Economy', Vol 5(5): 189–261, 1982 Brooks, Mick [2012] Capitalist Crisis Theory and Practice: A Marxist Analysis of the Great Recession 2007–11 eXpedia ISBN 978-83-934266-0-7
It is a system with no tendency toward equilibrium (social, economic, ecological, etc.), at least in the short run. Each iteration of the cycle reinforces the previous one, in an example of positive feedback. A vicious circle will continue in the direction of its momentum until an external factor intervenes to break the cycle.
Cyclical fluctuations also have a profound effect on cross-national comparisons of economic growth and societal development in the medium and long run. What seemed like spectacular long-run growth may in the end turn out to be just a short run cyclical spurt after a long recession. Cycle time plays an important role.
Karl Paul Polanyi (/ p oʊ ˈ l æ n j i /; Hungarian: Polányi Károly [ˈpolaːɲi ˈkaːroj]; 25 October 1886 – 23 April 1964) [1] was an Austro-Hungarian economic anthropologist, economic sociologist, and politician, [2] best known for his book The Great Transformation, which questions the conceptual validity of self-regulating markets.