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Five eight-step random walks from a central point. Some paths appear shorter than eight steps where the route has doubled back on itself. (animated version)In mathematics, a random walk, sometimes known as a drunkard's walk, is a stochastic process that describes a path that consists of a succession of random steps on some mathematical space.
Network science. In mathematics, random graph is the general term to refer to probability distributions over graphs. Random graphs may be described simply by a probability distribution, or by a random process which generates them. [1][2] The theory of random graphs lies at the intersection between graph theory and probability theory.
Generating function. In mathematics, a generating function is a representation of an infinite sequence of numbers as the coefficients of a formal power series. Generating functions are often expressed in closed form (rather than as a series), by some expression involving operations on the formal series. There are various types of generating ...
A finite regular continued fraction, where is a non-negative integer, is an integer, and is a positive integer, for . A continued fraction is a mathematical expression that can be writen as a fraction with a denominator that is a sum that contains another simple or continued fraction. Depending on whether this iteration terminates with a simple ...
In mathematics, the Farey sequence of order n is the sequence of completely reduced fractions, either between 0 and 1, or without this restriction, [a] which when in lowest terms have denominators less than or equal to n, arranged in order of increasing size. With the restricted definition, each Farey sequence starts with the value 0, denoted ...
Given a graph G = (V, E), a fractional matching in G is a function that assigns, to each edge e in E, a fraction f(e) in [0, 1], such that for every vertex v in V, the sum of fractions of edges adjacent to v is at most 1: [1]: A matching in the traditional sense is a special case of a fractional matching, in which the fraction of every edge is either 0 or 1: f(e) = 1 if e is in the matching ...
In algebra, the partial fraction decomposition or partial fraction expansion of a rational fraction (that is, a fraction such that the numerator and the denominator are both polynomials) is an operation that consists of expressing the fraction as a sum of a polynomial (possibly zero) and one or several fractions with a simpler denominator. [1]
A level-5 approximation to a Sierpiński triangle obtained by shading the first 2 5 (32) levels of a Pascal's triangle white if the binomial coefficient is even and black otherwise If one takes Pascal's triangle with 2 n {\displaystyle 2^{n}} rows and colors the even numbers white, and the odd numbers black, the result is an approximation to ...