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The carrack Henri Grace à Dieu, from the Anthony Roll Sovereign of the Seas, a contemporaneous engraving by J. Payne. The heavily armed carrack, first developed in Portugal for either trade or war in the Atlantic Ocean, was the precursor of the ship of the line.
A carrack (Portuguese: nau; Spanish: nao; Catalan: carraca; Croatian: karaka) is a three- or four-masted ocean-going sailing ship that was developed in the 14th to 15th centuries in Europe, most notably in Portugal and Spain.
These ships were the first great ships, the precursors of the later ship of the line. The first illustration of the first roll of the Anthony Roll, depicting the Henry Grace à Dieu, the largest ship in the English navy during the reign of King Henry VIII. Model of Great Michael, Burntisland Kirk, Fife
Venetian "Madonna della Vigna" (first on the left) in battle against Ottoman ships in 1649. This is a list of Italian carracks, galleons and ships of the line of the period 1400-1858: Italy was formed in 1861 with the union of several states, including the Two Sicilies (with Naples), and Piedmont-Sardinia, including Genoa, some Papal states and ...
Santa Anna was an early 16th-century carrack of the navy of the Knights Hospitaller.The war ship was celebrated for her many modern features. While some authors view her lead sheathed hull as an early form of ironclad, [1] others regard it primarily as a means to improve her watertightness.
A popular design of European origin is the carrack, which utilized caravel construction techniques, allowing ships to increase in size dramatically, far past that which was capable with clinker building techniques. [4] Seen throughout the 14th and 15th century, these ships were used for trade between European powers and their foreign markets.
The 16th century saw the carrack evolve into the galleon and then the ship of the line. The evolution of the term has been given thus: man-of-war. "A phrase applied to a line of battle ship, contrary to the usual rule in the English language by which all ships are feminine.
The major ships (from 1618 onwards) are included in pages 158–159 of The Ship of the Line, Volume I, by Brian Lavery, published by Conways, 1983, ISBN 0-85177-252-8. Lesser warships ("below the line") are taken from A History of the Administration on the Royal Navy (sic!) 1509–1660 , by Michael Oppenheim, published by the Bodley Head, 1896.