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At these times, the Sun appears in the direction of Mecca, and shadows cast by vertical objects determine the qibla. At two other moments in the year, the Sun passes through the nadir (the antipodal zenith) of the Kaaba, casting shadows that point in the opposite direction, and thus also determine the qibla. These occur on 12, 13, or 14 January ...
The first systematic observations in Islam are reported to have taken place under the patronage of al-Mamun. Here, and in many other private observatories from Damascus to Baghdad, meridian degree measurement were performed ( al-Ma'mun's arc measurement ), solar parameters were established, and detailed observations of the Sun, Moon , and ...
c. 1030 – In his major astronomical work, the Mas'ud Canon, Al-Biruni observed that, contrary to Ptolemy, the Sun's apogee (highest point in the heavens) was mobile, not fixed. [46] 1031 – Chinese astronomer and scientist Shen Kuo calculates the distance between the Earth and the Sun in his mathematical treatises. [47] [failed verification]
Two days after the probe zipped within 3.8 million miles of the sun, it managed to transmit a beacon back to Earth indicating that it remains in good health and is operating as expected, NASA said.
NASA's Parker Solar Probe is about to make its closest approach to the sun. The spacecraft will fly within 3.8 million miles of the solar surface. The spacecraft is collecting essential data that ...
In 2016, NASA released an animation of the sun doing a somersault. The capture was the result of a seven-hour maneuver the SDO completes once a year to take an accurate measure of the star’s edge.
In this conception, the entire cosmos can be divided into five spheres: five are part of the celestial sphere of the sun (Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, the fixed stars, and the "Great Sphere" (al-falak al-aʿẓam)), five within the sphere of the sun (Venus, Mercury, the moon, the "sublime sphere" (al-kurrat al-laṭīfah) of fire and earth, and the ...
Also, unlike most other solar measurements, sunrise occurs when the Sun's upper limb, rather than its center, appears to cross the horizon. The apparent radius of the Sun at the horizon is 16 arcminutes. [1] These two angles combine to define sunrise to occur when the Sun's center is 50 arcminutes below the horizon, or 90.83° from the zenith. [1]