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The First World War in the Middle East (Hurst, 2014). Van Der Vat, Dan. The ship that changed the world (ISBN 9780586069295) Weber, Frank G. Eagles on the Crescent: Germany, Austria, and the diplomacy of the Turkish alliance, 1914–1918 (Cornell University Press, 1970). Woodward, David R. (2006). Hell in the Holy Land: World War I in the ...
When war was declared on Germany in 1914, the German East Asia Squadron withdrew from its base at Qingdao and attempted to make its way east across the Pacific and back to Germany. After concentrating the majority of its force at Pagan Island , the fleet raided several Allied targets as it made its way across the Pacific.
In 1914, the British Indian Army was larger than the British Army itself, and between 1914 and 1918 an estimated 1.3 million Indian soldiers and labourers served in Europe, Africa, and the Middle East. In all, 140,000 soldiers served on the Western Front and nearly 700,000 in the Middle East, with 47,746 killed and 65,126 wounded. [81]
This is a list of wars and conflicts in Asia, particularly East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia and Russia.For a list of conflicts in Southwest Asia, Asia Pacific. see List of conflicts in the Near East for historical conflicts and List of conflicts in the Middle East, List of conflicts in Australia (related Asia Pacific) for contemporary conflicts.
The Fall of the Ottomans: The Great War in the Middle East (Basic Books, 2015) online review; Shaw, Ezel Kural (1977). History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-21280-4. Slight, John (30 January 2019). "Reactions to the Ottoman jihad fatwa in the British Empire, 1914–18".
After the central powers capitulated, the countries in the east took advantage of the situation: Soviet Russia immediately cancelled the peace treaty and launched an offensive against the Baltic States, Belarus and Ukraine. Romania formally rejoined the war a day before its end in the West, soon followed by conflict with newly independent Hungary.
The Caucasus campaign comprised armed conflicts between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire, later including Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, the Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus, the German Empire, the Central Caspian Dictatorship, and the British Empire, as part of the Middle Eastern theatre during World War I.
World War I was the first war to see major use of planes for offensive, defensive and reconnaissance operations, and both the Entente Powers and the Central Powers used planes extensively. Almost as soon as they were invented, planes were drafted for military service. Battles: 1914 in aviation. Raid on Cuxhaven