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The Sortino ratio measures the risk-adjusted return of an investment asset, portfolio, or strategy. [1] It is a modification of the Sharpe ratio but penalizes only those returns falling below a user-specified target or required rate of return , while the Sharpe ratio penalizes both upside and downside volatility equally.
For example, when t is close to the risk-free rate, the Sortino Ratio for T-Bill's will be higher than that for the S&P 500, while the Sharpe ratio remains unchanged. In March 2008, researchers at the Queensland Investment Corporation and Queensland University of Technology showed that for skewed return distributions, the Sortino ratio is ...
As a consequence, the Rachev ratio is always well-defined. In the ex-ante analysis, optimal portfolio problems based on the Rachev ratio are, generally, numerically hard to solve because the Rachev ratio is a fraction of two CVaRs which are convex functions of portfolio weights. In effect, the Rachev ratio, if viewed as a function of portfolio ...
The upside-potential ratio is a measure of a return of an investment asset relative to the minimal acceptable return. The measurement allows a firm or individual to choose investments which have had relatively good upside performance, per unit of downside risk .
Downside risk was first modeled by Roy (1952), who assumed that an investor's goal was to minimize his/her risk. This mean-semivariance, or downside risk, model is also known as “safety-first” technique, and only looks at the lower standard deviations of expected returns which are the potential losses.
The standard form of the Omega ratio is a non-convex function, but it is possible to optimize a transformed version using linear programming. [4] To begin with, Kapsos et al. show that the Omega ratio of a portfolio is: = [() +] + The optimization problem that maximizes the Omega ratio is given by: [() +], (), =, The objective function is non-convex, so several ...
For example, what does it mean if one investment has a Sharpe ratio of 0.50 and another has a Sharpe ratio of −0.50? How much worse was the second portfolio than the first? These downsides apply to all risk-adjusted return measures that are ratios (e.g., Sortino ratio, Treynor ratio, upside-potential ratio, etc.).
In this posting titled, “Sortino ratio”, Rom states: “The Sortino ratio was created in 1993 by Brian Rom.” The fact is: At the direction of Dr. Sortino, Dr. Forsey wrote the source code to calculate the Sortino ratio for the PRI software Rom was marketing long before Rom’s 1993 article.