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In politics, a defector is a person who gives up allegiance to one state in exchange for allegiance to another, changing sides in a way which is considered illegitimate by the first state. [1] More broadly, defection involves abandoning a person, cause, or doctrine to which one is bound by some tie, as of allegiance or duty. [2] [3]
Though corruption was a global phenomenon, the Gandhi period saw the disruptive politics of defection become rampant in India. [ 7 ] With rising public opinion [ citation needed ] for an anti-defection law, immediately after securing a clear majority in 1984, Rajiv Gandhi proposed the new anti-defection bill in the Parliament.
A former Conservative minister has defected to join the Reform UK party led by Nigel Farage. In a blow to the new Tory leader Kemi Badenoch, Dame Andrea Jenkyns said she was “joining the party ...
[3] [4] Until 1952, however, the Inner German border between East and West Germany could be easily crossed in most places. [5] Accordingly, before 1961, most of that east–west flow took place between East and West Germany, with over 3.5 million East Germans emigrating to West Germany before 1961.
"A Defection in the Family". The Nation. PDF version and HTML version at Decoding Washington website of Holland. Cameron, Bruce P. (2007). My Life in the Time of the Contras. UNM Press. p. 340. ISBN 978-0-8263-4251-5. Massing, Michael (October 1987). "Contra aides: Why four Democratic operatives enlisted in Ollie North's crusade".
Defective democracy (or flawed democracy) is a concept that was proposed by the political scientists Wolfgang Merkel, Hans-Jürgen Puhle and Aurel S. Croissant at the beginning of the 21st century to subtilize the distinctions between totalitarian, authoritarian, and democratic political systems.
Operation Shocker was a 23-year counterintelligence operation run by the US Federal Bureau of Investigation against the Soviet Union.The operation involved the fake defection in place of a US Army sergeant based in Washington, D.C. who, in return for hundreds of thousands of dollars over two decades, provided information to Soviet intelligence as agreed by the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
Operation Kamala, also known as Operation Lotus is a term coined in 2008, when India's former minister G. Janardhana Reddy in the state of Karnataka, used various strategies, including persuasion and financial incentives to secure support from legislators bypassing the anti-defection law, so as to take the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) past the ...