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The Seljuk dynasty, or Seljukids [1] [2] (/ ˈ s ɛ l dʒ ʊ k / SEL-juuk; Persian: سلجوقیان Saljuqian, [3] alternatively spelled as Seljuqs or Saljuqs), Seljuqs, also known as Seljuk Turks, [4] Seljuk Turkomans [5] or the Saljuqids, [6] was an Oghuz Turkic, Sunni Muslim dynasty that gradually became Persianate and contributed to Turco-Persian culture [7] [8] in West Asia and Central Asia.
Crusader assistance to the Byzantine Empire was mixed with treachery and looting, although substantial gains were made in the First Crusade. Within a hundred years of Manzikert, the Byzantines had successfully driven back the Seljuk Turks from the coasts of Asia Minor and extended their influence right down to Palestine and even Egypt.
In 1048–1049, the Seljuk Turks, commanded by Ibrahim Yinal, uterine brother of Tughril, made their first incursion into the Byzantine frontier region of Iberia and clashed with a combined Byzantine-Georgian army of 50,000 at the Battle of Kapetrou on 10 September 1048. The devastation left behind by the Seljuk raid was so fearful that the ...
To make the situation worse for the Crusaders, al-Dawla poisoned all the water wells in the surrounding area, and cut down all trees outside Jerusalem. On June 7, 1099, the Crusaders reached the outer fortifications of Jerusalem, which had been recaptured from the Seljuk Turks by the Egyptian Fatimids only the year before. The city was guarded ...
Between 1071 and 1076, Palestine was captured by Turkman or Turcoman tribes, with Jerusalem falling in 1073. [69] The Turcomans acted in the region as free agents, but became known as Seljuqs, after the primary rulers among the Turkish invaders of the Arab Muslim realm, the Seljuk dynasty , whom they were associated with. [ 70 ]
The persecution of Christians became even worse after the Seljuk Turks invasion. Villages occupied by Turks along the route to Jerusalem began exacting tolls on Christian pilgrims. In principle, the Seljuks allowed pilgrims access to Jerusalem, but they often imposed huge tariffs and condoned local attacks.
With Turkish rule spanning between the years 1069-1917/22, mass Turkish migration was encouraged during the rule of Nureddin Zengi in Syria, and then when thousands of Turks participated in the battle of Jerusalem with Saladin. Turkish migration continued further during the Mamluk and Ottoman rule of Palestine as well as during the British rule ...
The Battle of the Dog River was fought in 1100 between Crusader forces and the Seljuk Turks near the Nahr al-Kalb river in what is now modern day Lebanon. The Crusaders were led by Baldwin of Boulogne, who had been the Count of Edessa while the Turks were led by Duqaq of Damascus.