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  2. Confederate privateer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate_privateer

    Privateers were also authorized to attack an enemy's navy warships and then apply to the sponsoring government for direct monetary reward, usually gold or gold specie (coins). In the early days of the war, enthusiasm for The Confederacy was high, and many ship owners responded to the appeal by applying for letters of marque .

  3. Letter of marque - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_of_marque

    A letter of marque and reprisal (French: lettre de marque; lettre de course) was a government license in the Age of Sail that authorized a private person, known as a privateer or corsair, to attack and capture vessels of a foreign state at war with the issuer, licensing international military operations against a specified enemy as reprisal for a previous attack or injury.

  4. Privateer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privateer

    Privateers were implicated in piracy for a number of complex reasons. For colonial authorities, successful privateers were skilled seafarers who brought in much-needed revenue, especially in newly settled colonial outposts. [5] These skills and benefits often caused local authorities to overlook a privateer's shift into piracy when a war ended.

  5. Commerce raiding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commerce_raiding

    During the American Civil War, the Confederate Navy operated a fleet of commissioned Confederate States Navy commerce raiders. These differed from privateers as they were state-owned ships with orders to destroy enemy commerce rather than privately owned ships with letters of marque .

  6. John Yates Beall - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Yates_Beall

    John Yates Beall (January 1, 1835 – February 24, 1865) was a Confederate privateer in the American Civil War who was arrested as a spy in New York and executed at Fort Columbus on Governors Island. Early life and education

  7. CSS Sumter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSS_Sumter

    CSS Sumter, converted from the 1859-built merchant steamer Habana, was the first steam cruiser of the Confederate States Navy during the American Civil War.She operated as a commerce raider in the Caribbean and in the Atlantic Ocean against Union merchant shipping between July and December 1861, taking eighteen prizes, but was trapped in Gibraltar by Union Navy warships.

  8. USS Beauregard - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Beauregard

    The U.S. Navy purchased the Beauregard from the prize court for $1,810 on February 24, 1862 [2] and began fitting the schooner for service with the blockading squadrons. To replace the 24 pound rifled gun that the privateer's crew had spiked, [2] the navy armed the Beauregard with a single 30 pound rifle and two 12 pound howitzers. [3]

  9. Charles S. Wainwright - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_S._Wainwright

    Charles Shiels Wainwright (December 31, 1826 – September 13, 1907) was a produce farmer in the state of New York and an artillery officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War. He played an important role in the defense of Cemetery Hill during the July 1863 Battle of Gettysburg , where his artillery helped repel a Confederate attack.