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2. Gastric acid - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_acid

   The lowest pH of the secreted acid is 0.8, [7] but the acid is diluted in the stomach lumen to a pH of between 1 and 3. There is a small continuous basal secretion of gastric acid between meals of usually less than 10 mEq/hour. [8] There are three phases in the secretion of gastric acid which increase the secretion rate in order to digest a ...

3. Esophageal pH monitoring - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophageal_pH_Monitoring

   In gastroenterology, esophageal pH monitoring is the current gold standard for diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). It provides direct physiologic measurement of acid in the esophagus and is the most objective method to document reflux disease, assess the severity of the disease and monitor the response of the disease to medical or surgical treatment.

4. Gastrointestinal physiology - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrointestinal_physiology

   H + and Cl − are secreted by the parietal cells into the lumen of the stomach creating acidic conditions with a low pH of 1. H + is pumped into the stomach by exchanging it with K + . This process also requires ATP as a source of energy; however, Cl − then follows the positive charge in the H + through an open apical channel protein.

5. Mucus - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucus

   Gastric glands are composed of epithelial cells (B), chief cells (D), and parietal cells (E). The chief and parietal cells produce and secrete mucus (F) to protect the lining of the stomach (C) against the harsh pH of stomach acid. The mucus is basic, while the stomach acid (A) is acidic.

6. Enterogastric reflex - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterogastric_reflex

   It can also be stimulated by a pH of 3-4 in the duodenum and by a pH of 1.5 in the stomach. Upon initiation of the reflex, the release of gastrin by G-cells in the antrum of the stomach is shut off. This in turn inhibits gastric motility and the secretion of gastric acid . [1]

7. Hydrochloric acid - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrochloric_acid

   It consists mainly of hydrochloric acid and acidifies the stomach content to a pH of 1 to 2. [ 36 ] [ 37 ] Chloride (Cl − ) and hydrogen (H + ) ions are secreted separately in the stomach fundus region at the top of the stomach by parietal cells of the gastric mucosa into a secretory network called canaliculi before it enters the stomach lumen.

8. pH - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH

   When an acid is dissolved in water, the pH will be less than 7, while a base, or alkali, will have a pH greater than 7. A strong acid, such as hydrochloric acid, at concentration 1 mol dm −3 has a pH of 0, while a strong alkali like sodium hydroxide, at the same concentration, has a pH of 14. Since pH is a logarithmic scale, a difference of ...

9. Ion trapping - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_trapping

   The converse is true in a basic medium. For example, Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is a weak acid (its pKa value is 5.0). The gastric juice has a pH of 2.0. It is a three-fold difference (due to log scale) between its pH and its pKa; therefore there is a 1000× difference between the charged and uncharged concentrations.