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  2. Inductive reasoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive_reasoning

    Inductive reasoning is any of various methods of reasoning in which broad generalizations or principles are derived from a body of observations. [1] [2] Inductive reasoning is in contrast to deductive reasoning (such as mathematical induction), where the conclusion of a deductive argument is certain, given the premises are correct; in contrast, the truth of the conclusion of an inductive ...

  3. Problem of induction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_of_induction

    For example, one might argue that it is valid to use inductive inference in the future because this type of reasoning has yielded accurate results in the past. However, this argument relies on an inductive premise itself—that past observations of induction being valid will mean that future observations of induction will also be valid.

  4. New riddle of induction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_riddle_of_induction

    Carnap's approach to inductive logic is based on the notion of degree of confirmation c(h,e) of a given hypothesis h by a given evidence e. [ b ] Both h and e are logical formulas expressed in a simple language L which allows for

  5. Inductionism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductionism

    It is noted that no law of science can be considered mere inductive generalization of facts because each law does not exist in isolation. [8] This is for, instance, demonstrated by thinkers such as John Stuart Mill, who maintained that inductionism is the initial act in the formulation of a general law using the deductive approaches to science. [9]

  6. Argument from analogy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_analogy

    Argument from analogy is a special type of inductive argument, where perceived similarities are used as a basis to infer some further similarity that has not been observed yet. Analogical reasoning is one of the most common methods by which human beings try to understand the world and make decisions. [ 1 ]

  7. Mill's methods - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mill's_Methods

    As an example of the method of difference, consider two similar countries. ... Unlike the preceding four inductive methods, ... History and Philosophy of Logic. 29 (4

  8. Argument - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument

    Arguments that involve predictions are inductive since the future is uncertain. An inductive argument is said to be strong or weak. If the premises of an inductive argument are assumed true, is it probable the conclusion is also true? If yes, the argument is strong. If no, it is weak. A strong argument is said to be cogent if it has all true ...

  9. Inductivism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductivism

    Francis Bacon, articulating inductivism in England, is often falsely stereotyped as a naive inductivist. [11] [12] Crudely explained, the "Baconian model" advises to observe nature, propose a modest law that generalizes an observed pattern, confirm it by many observations, venture a modestly broader law, and confirm that, too, by many more observations, while discarding disconfirmed laws. [13]