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The zero-sum property (if one gains, another loses) means that any result of a zero-sum situation is Pareto optimal. Generally, any game where all strategies are Pareto optimal is called a conflict game. [7] [8] Zero-sum games are a specific example of constant sum games where the sum of each outcome is always zero. [9]
Zero-sum bias is a cognitive bias towards zero-sum thinking; it is people's tendency to intuitively judge that a situation is zero-sum, even when this is not the case. [4] This bias promotes zero-sum fallacies, false beliefs that situations are zero-sum. Such fallacies can cause other false judgements and poor decisions.
In mathematics, an empty product, or nullary product or vacuous product, is the result of multiplying no factors. It is by convention equal to the multiplicative identity (assuming there is an identity for the multiplication operation in question), just as the empty sum—the result of adding no numbers—is by convention zero, or the additive identity.
In mathematics, an empty sum, or nullary sum, [1] is a summation where the number of terms is zero. The natural way to extend non-empty sums [ 2 ] is to let the empty sum be the additive identity . Let a 1 {\displaystyle a_{1}} , a 2 {\displaystyle a_{2}} , a 3 {\displaystyle a_{3}} , ... be a sequence of numbers, and let
In number theory, zero-sum problems are certain kinds of combinatorial problems about the structure of a finite abelian group. Concretely, given a finite abelian group G and a positive integer n , one asks for the smallest value of k such that every sequence of elements of G of size k contains n terms that sum to 0 .
As I look at Q4, GAAP net income, $263 million or $0.50 per diluted share; return on equity, 16%; earnings available for distribution, $316 million or $0.60 per diluted share; return on equity, 20%.
The subset sum problem (SSP) is a decision problem in computer science. In its most general formulation, there is a multiset of integers and a target-sum , and the question is to decide whether any subset of the integers sum to precisely . [1] The problem is known to be NP-complete.
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