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So, Euclid's method for computing the greatest common divisor of two positive integers consists of replacing the larger number with the difference of the numbers, and repeating this until the two numbers are equal: that is their greatest common divisor. For example, to compute gcd(48,18), one proceeds as follows:
Synonyms for GCD include greatest common factor (GCF), highest common factor (HCF), highest common divisor (HCD), and greatest common measure (GCM). The greatest common divisor is often written as gcd( a , b ) or, more simply, as ( a , b ) , [ 3 ] although the latter notation is ambiguous, also used for concepts such as an ideal in the ring of ...
A cube has all multiplicities divisible by 3 (it is of the form a 3 for some a). The first: 1, 8, 27, 64, 125, 216, 343, 512, 729, 1000, 1331, 1728 (sequence A000578 in the OEIS). A perfect power has a common divisor m > 1 for all multiplicities (it is of the form a m for some a > 1 and m > 1).
This is equivalent to their greatest common divisor (GCD) being 1. [2] One says also a is prime to b or a is coprime with b. The numbers 8 and 9 are coprime, despite the fact that neither—considered individually—is a prime number, since 1 is their only common divisor. On the other hand, 6 and 9 are not coprime, because they are both ...
If one of the factors is composite, it can in turn be written as a product of smaller factors, for example 60 = 3 · 20 = 3 · (5 · 4). Continuing this process until every factor is prime is called prime factorization ; the result is always unique up to the order of the factors by the prime factorization theorem .
As an example, the greatest common divisor of 15 and 69 is 3, and 3 can be written as a combination of 15 and 69 as 3 = 15 × (−9) + 69 × 2, with Bézout coefficients −9 and 2. Many other theorems in elementary number theory, such as Euclid's lemma or the Chinese remainder theorem, result from Bézout's identity.
Visualisation of using the binary GCD algorithm to find the greatest common divisor (GCD) of 36 and 24. Thus, the GCD is 2 2 × 3 = 12.. The binary GCD algorithm, also known as Stein's algorithm or the binary Euclidean algorithm, [1] [2] is an algorithm that computes the greatest common divisor (GCD) of two nonnegative integers.
hcf – highest common factor of two numbers. (Also written as gcd.) H.M. – harmonic mean. HOL – higher-order logic. Hom – Hom functor. hom – hom-class. hot – higher order term. HOTPO – half or triple plus one. hvc – havercosine function. (Also written as havercos.) hyp – hypograph of a function.