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The C++ Standard Library provides several generic containers, functions to use and manipulate these containers, function objects, generic strings and streams (including interactive and file I/O), support for some language features, and functions for common tasks such as finding the square root of a number.
Although namespaces are used extensively in recent C++ code, most older code does not use this facility because it did not exist in early versions of the language. For example, the entire C++ Standard Library is defined within namespace std , but before standardization many components were originally in the global namespace.
In the C++ programming language, input/output library refers to a family of class templates and supporting functions in the C++ Standard Library that implement stream-based input/output capabilities. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is an object-oriented alternative to C's FILE -based streams from the C standard library .
In the C++ Standard Library, several algorithms use unqualified calls to swap from within the std namespace. As a result, the generic std::swap function is used if nothing else is found, but if these algorithms are used with a third-party class, Foo, found in another namespace that also contains swap(Foo&, Foo&), that overload of swap will be used.
In C++, associative containers are a group of class templates in the standard library of the C++ programming language that implement ordered associative arrays. [1] Being templates , they can be used to store arbitrary elements, such as integers or custom classes.
A using namespace:: std declaration above or within main can be issued to apply the ::std:: prefix automatically, although it’s generally considered poor practice to use it globally in headers because it pollutes the global namespace. [43] A few of the C++≥98 versions of C’s headers are missing; e.g., C≥11 <stdnoreturn.h> and <threads.h ...
One common property of all sequential containers is that the elements can be accessed sequentially. Like all other standard library components, they reside in namespace std. The following containers are defined in the current revision of the C++ standard: array, vector, list, forward_list, deque.
C++ destructors for local variables are called at the end of the object lifetime, allowing a discipline for automatic resource management termed RAII, which is widely used in C++. Member variables are created when the parent object is created. Array members are initialized from 0 to the last member of the array in order.