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Khutulun (c. 1260 – c. 1306), also known as Aigiarne, [1] Aiyurug, Khotol Tsagaan or Ay Yaruq [2] (lit. ' Moonlight ') [1] was a Mongol noblewoman, the most famous daughter of Kaidu, a cousin of Kublai Khan. Both Marco Polo [1] and Rashid al-Din Hamadani wrote accounts of their encounters with her.
The cover of The Secret History of the Mongol Great Khatuns in Mongolian 2009. Following Ögedei's death, khatuns (queens) briefly ruled the Mongol Empire. Most of these women were not Genghis Khan's daughters, but his daughters- or granddaughters-in-law. Their ability to control the empire made them the most powerful women during this period.
In 1924, Mongolian women were able to vote and potentially be elected as President. The Women's Federation was also founded which was funded by the state itself allowing more women to become more active participants in the political system. [5] Despite women's active participation in politics, there are few women at the top. [8]
A few Mongol women reigned as regents when her spouse died and the heir was not of age or hadn't been elected, which could take several years. Both men and women could be charged for adultery, which could be punished by execution. [1] In the Mongol Empire, both men and women could be shamans and practice shamanism. Mongol women could also ...
Mamay (1335–1380), Mongol leader of the Golden Horde born into the Kiyat clan. Bodonchar Munkhag (c. 850–900), renowned Mongol warlord and a direct ancestor of Genghis Khan as well as of the Barlas Mongols, the tribe of the Central Asian warlord Timur. Yujiulü Mugulü (before 277–316 or after 330), Xianbei chieftain and warrior.
Khutulun was a 13th-century Mongol princess, the daughter of the Mongol leader Qaidu Khan and a great-great-granddaughter of Genghis Khan. According to legend she was a skilled warrior and wrestler who vowed that she would only marry a man who could defeat her in wrestling.
According to Mongol legend, two warriors named Kiyan and Negus (Mongolian: Nokhos, dog or wolf) were defeated in battle and forced to seek shelter in an enclosed valley called Ergune khun ("steep cliffs"). After several generations the descendants of these heroes became too numerous for the valley to support, but no one remembered the way out.
According to Bruno De Nicola in Women in Mongol Iran: The Khatuns, 1206–1335, the linguistic origins of the term "khatun" are unknown, though possibly of Old Turkic or Sogdian origin. De Nicola states that prior to the spread of the Mongols across Central Asia, Khatun meant 'lady' or 'noblewoman' and is found in broad usage in medieval ...