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Radioisotope renography is a form of medical imaging of the kidneys that uses radiolabelling.A renogram, which may also be known as a MAG3 scan, allows a nuclear medicine physician or a radiologist to visualize the kidneys and learn more about how they are functioning. [1]
Parenchymal destruction: The renal tissue undergoes caseous necrosis, fibrosis, and calcification. Fibrosis and shrinkage : Progressive scarring results in a small, irregularly shaped kidney. Calcification : Deposition of calcium salts within the necrotic tissue leads to the characteristic dense appearance of the kidney on imaging.
The kidney is divided into parenchyma and renal sinus. The renal sinus is hyperechoic and is composed of calyces, the renal pelvis, fat and the major intrarenal vessels. In the normal kidney, the urinary collecting system in the renal sinus is not visible, but it creates a heteroechoic appearance with the interposed fat and vessels.
Parenchymal phase imaging demonstrates continued enhancement of the cortex, enhancement of the medulla, and various levels of contrast material in the collecting system. The parenchymal phase is highly important for the detection and characterization of renal masses, parenchymal abnormalities, and the renal collecting system.
The renal fascia is a dense, elastic connective tissue envelope enclosing the kidney and adrenal gland, together with the layer of perirenal fat surrounding these two. [ 1 ] The renal fascia separates the adipose capsule of kidney from the overlying pararenal fat .
The parenchymal cells include myocytes, and many types of specialised cells. The cells are often attached to each other and also to their nearby epithelial cells mainly by gap junctions and hemidesmosomes. There is much variation in the types of cell in the parenchyma according to the species and anatomical regions.
Kidney showing circumscribed calcium deposits together with a partial stag horn calculus. Nephrocalcinosis , once known as Albright's calcinosis after Fuller Albright , is a term originally used to describe the deposition of poorly soluble calcium salts in the renal parenchyma due to hyperparathyroidism .
A physician may recommend cardiac imaging to support a diagnosis of a heart condition. Medical specialty professional organizations discourage the use of routine cardiac imaging during pre-operative assessment for patients about to undergo low or mid-risk non-cardiac surgery because the procedure carries risks and is unlikely to result in the change of a patient's management. [1]