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Frequency. ~2% (children) [3] Strabismus is a vision disorder in which the eyes do not properly align with each other when looking at an object. [2] The eye that is pointed at an object can alternate. [3] The condition may be present occasionally or constantly. [3] If present during a large part of childhood, it may result in amblyopia, or lazy ...
The paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF) (also known as paraabducens nucleus) is a subset of neurons of the oral and caudal pontine reticular nuclei mediating horizontal gaze. [1] It is situated in the pons adjacent to the abducens nucleus. [2] It projects to the ipsilateral abducens (cranial nerve VI) nucleus, and contralateral ...
Oculocardiac reflex. The oculocardiac reflex, also known as Aschner phenomenon, Aschner reflex, or Aschner–Dagnini reflex, is a decrease in pulse rate associated with traction applied to extraocular muscles and/or compression of the eyeball. [1] The reflex is mediated by nerve connections between the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal ...
Strabismus (lazy eye) may be caused by a medial rectus muscle that is located too high in the orbit of the skull. [4] Esotropia (convergent strabismus) may also be caused by sixth nerve palsy, which causes weakness or paralysis of the lateral rectus muscle. [6] Sometimes, botulinum toxin may be injected into the medial rectus muscle. [6]
Oculomotor nerve palsy or oculomotor neuropathy[1] is an eye condition resulting from damage to the third cranial nerve or a branch thereof. As the name suggests, the oculomotor nerve supplies the majority of the muscles controlling eye movements (four of the six extraocular muscles, excluding only the lateral rectus and superior oblique).
Sixth nerve palsy, or abducens nerve palsy, is a disorder associated with dysfunction of cranial nerve VI (the abducens nerve), which is responsible for causing contraction of the lateral rectus muscle to abduct (i.e., turn out) the eye. [1] The inability of an eye to turn outward, results in a convergent strabismus or esotropia of which the ...
The medial longitudinal fasciculus is the main central connection for the oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, and abducens nerve. It carries information about the direction that the eyes should move. Lesions of the medial longitudinal fasciculus can cause nystagmus and diplopia, which may be associated with multiple sclerosis, a neoplasm, or a ...
The brain is the central organ of the human nervous system, and with the spinal cord makes up the central nervous system. It consists of the cerebrum, the brainstem and the cerebellum. The brain controls most of the activities of the body, processing, integrating, and coordinating the information it receives from the sense organs, and making ...