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Although described as "morning sickness," pregnant women can experience this nausea any time of day or night. The exact cause of morning sickness remains unknown. Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy is typically mild and self-limited, resolving on its own by the 14th week of pregnancy. Other causes should also be ruled out when considering treatment.
Vaginal discharge can be an awkward topic to bring up with your friends or even mom. ... “Clear or watery discharge is normal,” Dr. Richardson says. If it’s a little cloudy, that’s fine ...
Bloody show or show is the passage of a small amount of blood or blood-tinged mucus through the vagina near the end of pregnancy.It is caused by thinning and dilation of the cervix, leading to detachment of the cervical mucus plug that seals the cervix during pregnancy and tearing of small cervical blood vessels, [1] and is one of the signs that labor may be imminent. [2]
Because pH in the upper vagina is normally acidic (pH 3.8–4.5), a vaginal pH test showing a pH of more than 4.5 strengthens a suspicion of rupture of membranes in case of clear vaginal discharge in pregnancy. [7] Other tests for detecting amniotic fluid mainly include nitrazine paper test and fern test. [8]
The majority of the discharge pools in the deepest portion of the vagina (the posterior fornix) [3] and exits the body over the course of a day with the force of gravity. [1] [4] A typical reproductive-age woman produces 1.5 grams (half to one teaspoon) of vaginal discharge every day. [1]
Of term pregnancies (more than 37 weeks) about 8% are complicated by PROM, [10] 20% of these become prolonged PROM. [9] About 30% of all preterm deliveries (before 37 weeks) are complicated by PPROM, and rupture of membranes before viability (before 24 weeks) occurs in less than 1% of all pregnancies. [11]
Steroid use up to 37 weeks is also recommended by the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. [16] Typical glucocorticoids that would be administered in this context are betamethasone or dexamethasone , often when the pregnancy has reached viability at 23 weeks.
Hypercoagulability in pregnancy likely evolved to protect women from hemorrhage at the time of miscarriage or childbirth. In developing countries, the leading cause of maternal death is still hemorrhage. [25] In the United States 2011-2013, hemorrhage made up of 11.4% and pulmonary embolisms made up of 9.2% of all pregnancy-related deaths. [26]