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Artaxerxes I (/ ˌ ɑːr t ə ˈ z ɜːr k s iː z /, Old Persian: 𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎠 Artaxšaçāʰ; [2] [3] Ancient Greek: Ἀρταξέρξης) [4] was the fifth King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire, from 465 to December 424 BC. [5] [6] He was the third son of Xerxes I.
Artaxerxes / ˌ ɑːr t ə ˈ z ɜːr k s iː z / may refer to: The throne name of several Achaemenid rulers of the 1st Persian Empire: Artaxerxes I of Persia (died 425 BC), Artaxerxes I Longimanus, r. 466–425 BC, son and successor of Xerxes I; Artaxerxes II of Persia (436 BC–358 BC), Artaxerxes II Mnemon, r. 404–358 BC, son and successor ...
Artaxerxes is the Latin form of the Greek Artaxerxes (Αρταξέρξης), itself from the Old Persian Artaxšaçā ("whose reign is through truth"). [2] It is known in other languages as; Elamite Ir-tak-ik-ša-iš-ša, Ir-da-ik-ša-iš-ša; Akkadian Ar-ta-ʾ-ḫa-šá-is-su; Middle Persian Ardaxšēr and New Persian Ardašīr.
The Tomb of Artaxerxes (Persian: آرامگاه اردشیر یکم) is a catacomb located in Marvdasht. It is part of the Naqsh-e Rostam necropolis and is the burial place of the Achaemenid ruler Artaxerxes I .
Longimanus may refer to: Oceanic whitetip shark ( Carcharhinus longimanus ), a tropical and warm temperate seas shark Artaxerxes I of Persia , who was surnamed in Greek as μακρόχειρ Macrocheir or Longimanus in Latin.
Artaxerxes II is reported to have had a number of wives. His main wife was Stateira, until she was poisoned by Artaxerxes' mother Parysatis in about 400 BC. [58] Artaxerxes II is said to have more than 115 sons from 350 wives. [59] [58] By Stateira Darius (probably aged over 50 in 366 BC) [60] Ariaspes or Ariarathes Ochus (Artaxerxes III)
The palace complex was constructed by the Achaemenid king Darius I in Susa, his favorite capital. Construction works continued under Darius I's son, Xerxes, and to a lesser extent, Artaxerxes I (465–424 BC) and Darius II (423–404 BC).
The earliest securely historical Achaemenid ruler is Cyrus I, king of Anshan in the second half of the seventh century BC. [20] The Achaemenids united all Persian tribes under Cyrus I's son Cambyses I. Under Cambyses I's son, Cyrus II, the Achaemenids defeated the Medes and established the Achaemenid Empire, [20] the largest ever Iranian state. [7]