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But it comes with a performance penalty for string literals, as std::string usually allocates memory dynamically, and must copy the C-style string literal to it at run time. Before C++11, there was no literal for C++ strings (C++11 allows "this is a C++ string"s with the s at the end of the literal), so the normal constructor syntax was used ...
The formatting placeholders in scanf are more or less the same as that in printf, its reverse function.As in printf, the POSIX extension n$ is defined. [2]There are rarely constants (i.e., characters that are not formatting placeholders) in a format string, mainly because a program is usually not designed to read known data, although scanf does accept these if explicitly specified.
4H indicates a string of 4 characters " A= "(H means Hollerith Field); I5 indicates an integer field of width 5; F10.2 indicates a floating-point field of width 10 with 2 digits after the decimal point. An output with input arguments 100, 200, and 1500.25 might look like this:
A value greater than \U0000FFFF may be represented by a single wchar_t if the UTF-32 encoding is used, or two if UTF-16 is used. Importantly, the universal character name \u00C0 always denotes the character "À", regardless of what kind of string literal it is used in, or the encoding in use. The octal and hex escape sequences always denote ...
A delimiter is a sequence of one or more characters for specifying the boundary between separate, independent regions in plain text, mathematical expressions or other data streams. [1] [2] An example of a delimiter is the comma character, which acts as a field delimiter in a sequence of comma-separated values.
Like raw strings, there can be any number of equals signs between the square brackets, provided both the opening and closing tags have a matching number of equals signs; this allows nesting as long as nested block comments/raw strings use a different number of equals signs than their enclosing comment: --[[comment --[=[ nested comment ...
a modified_identifier_list is a comma-separated list of two or more occurrences of ... Where string is a signed decimal number: ... o << number; string = o.str(); C++11:
The comma operator separates expressions (which have value) in a way analogous to how the semicolon terminates statements, and sequences of expressions are enclosed in parentheses analogously to how sequences of statements are enclosed in braces: [1] (a, b, c) is a sequence of expressions, separated by commas, which evaluates to the last expression c, while {a; b; c;} is a sequence of ...