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Belarus has the lowest unemployment rate in Europe, although this figure includes underemployment. Bulgaria has the smallest average wage and monthly minimum wage in the European Union. Estonia has the smallest public debt (as a percentage of GDP) of any state in Europe, as well as in the European Union and eurozone.
According to United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, ″Research and development (R&D) expenditure as a proportion of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is defined as the total intramural expenditure on research and experimental development (R&D) performed in the national territory during a specific reference period expressed as a percentage ...
All NIH Institutes and Centers are involved with OSC in the design, implementation, and evaluation of Common Fund programs. [15] commonfund.nih.gov: Office of Technology Transfer: OTT manages the wide range of NIH and FDA intramural inventions as mandated by the Federal Technology Transfer Act and related legislation.
The Nature Index is a database that tracks institutions and countries/territories and their scientific output since its introduction in November 2014. [1] Originally released with 64 natural-science journals, the Nature Index expanded to 82 natural-science journals in 2018, then added 64 health-science journals in 2023.
The Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research has monitored NIH funding to Medical Schools as well as other health science schools and organizations since 2006. [10] BRIMR generates an annual ranking of NIH funding for US Medical Schools and their Departments [11] and the BRIMR data is considered to be the gold standard for medical school research metrics. [12]
Some grants are specified for "new investigators", which is defined as someone who has not received a prior NIH grant other than a career award or specific small grants (R15, R21, R56, etc.). An "early stage investigator" is someone who has received their PhD or MD or has finished residency within the past 10 years.
[2] [3] Previous HDI values and rankings are retroactively recalculated using the same updated data sets and current methodologies, as presented in Table 2 of the Statistical Annex of the Human Development Report. [4] Countries that are not entirely located in Europe are shown here in italics, but HDI figures are given for the whole country.
The NIH Director's New Innovator Award has one of the lowest "success rates" of all NIH funding mechanism. In 2014 only the National Institutes of Health Director's Pioneer Award had a lower "success rate." [2] During the evaluation process each New Innovator application is reviewed and scored independently by three external reviewers. NIA ...