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Erasto Bartholomeo Mpemba [1] (1950–2023) [note 1] was a Tanzanian game warden who, as a schoolboy, discovered the eponymously named Mpemba effect, a paradoxical phenomenon in which hot water freezes faster than cold water under certain conditions; this effect had been observed previously by Aristotle, Francis Bacon, and René Descartes.
Temperature vs time plots, showing the Mpemba Effect. The Mpemba effect is the name given to the observation that a liquid (typically water) that is initially hot can freeze faster than the same liquid which begins cold, under otherwise similar conditions. There is disagreement about its theoretical basis and the parameters required to produce ...
The 'recent view of the Mpemba effect' was put in as balance as recent papers still remain undecided over the reason for the Mpemba effect, at least there is no consensus in the recent scientific literature; the reasons still being given are in the 'Causes' section of the article.
The Mpemba Effect relates to hot water freezing faster than cold water in certain circumstances, none of which is identified as having been thrown up in the air. Also, while the Mpemba Effect is not well understood, the trick of throwing hot water into very cold air so that it quickly vaporizes and then condenses into small droplets and freezes ...
The Kongo cosmogram (also called yowa or dikenga cross, Kikongo: dikenga dia Kongo or tendwa kia nza-n' Kongo) is a core symbol in Bakongo religion that depicts the physical world (Ku Nseke), the spiritual world (Ku Mpémba), the Kalûnga line that runs between the two worlds, the sacred river that forms a circle through the two worlds, the four moments of the sun, and the four elements.
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Mpemba is an African name that may refer to Mpemba, a 13th century confederation in the Congo Basin; Mpemba Kasi, a 14th century Bantu kingdom and northernmost territory of Mpemba, which was incorporated into the founding of the Kingdom of Kongo; Erasto B. Mpemba (born 1950), Tanzanian game warden who discovered the Mpemba effect in water
The Kalûnga line separates these two worlds, and all living things exists on one side or another. [7] After creation, the line became a river, carrying people between the worlds at birth and death, and mbûngi became the rotating sun. At death, or the setting of the sun, the process repeats and a person is reborn.