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Relative to the prior year's edition of the survey, Scala's use among alternative JVM languages fell from 28.4% to 21.5%, overtaken by Kotlin, which rose from 11.4% in 2017 to 28.8% in 2018. The Popularity of Programming Language Index, [ 144 ] which tracks searches for language tutorials, ranked Scala 15th in April 2018 with a small downward ...
In Scala 2, an ADT may be defined with: [citation needed] sealed abstract class Tree extends Product with Serializable object Tree { final case object Empty extends Tree final case class Node ( value : Int , left : Tree , right : Tree ) extends Tree }
Kotlin: Application, mobile development, server-side, client-side, web Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes [31] De facto standard via Kotlin Language Specification Ksh: Shell, scripting: Yes Yes No Yes No No Several variants, custom programmable, dynamic loadable modules Optionally POSIX.2 [13] LabVIEW (G) Application, industrial instrumentation-automation ...
Kotlin (#21, at one point at #18; #13 at PyPL), a statically-typed language from JetBrains, the developers of IntelliJ IDEA [3] and Google's preferred language for Android; Scala (#26, at one point at #20; #22 at PyPL), a statically-typed object-oriented and functional programming language [4]
sbt is the de facto build tool in the Scala community, [6] used, for example, by the Scala 2 and Scala 3 compilers themselves, [7] [8] Play Framework, and Lichess, a popular chess server. The sbt project is "bootstrapped" — it uses sbt to build itself and considers dogfooding a positive feature.
A full-stack demo has been made with the new Kotlin/JS Gradle Plugin. [19] [20] Kotlin 1.3 was released on 29 October 2018, adding support for coroutines for use with asynchronous programming. [21] On 7 May 2019, Google announced that the Kotlin programming language is now its preferred language for Android app developers. [6]
Gradle builds on the concepts of Apache Ant and Apache Maven, and introduces a Groovy- and Kotlin-based domain-specific language contrasted with the XML-based project configuration used by Maven. [3] Gradle uses a directed acyclic graph to determine the order in which tasks can be run, through providing dependency management.
The Java language has undergone several changes since JDK 1.0 as well as numerous additions of classes and packages to the standard library.Since J2SE 1.4, the evolution of the Java language has been governed by the Java Community Process (JCP), which uses Java Specification Requests (JSRs) to propose and specify additions and changes to the Java platform.