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John Loudon McAdam, 1830, National Gallery, London. John Loudon McAdam (23 September 1756 [1] – 26 November 1836) was a Scottish civil engineer and road-builder. He invented a new process, "macadamisation", for building roads with a smooth hard surface, using controlled materials of mixed particle size and predetermined structure, that would be more durable and less muddy than soil-based tracks.
Macadam is a type of road construction pioneered by Scottish engineer John Loudon McAdam c. 1820, in which crushed stone is placed in shallow, convex layers and compacted thoroughly. A binding layer of stone dust (crushed stone from the original material) may form; it may also, after rolling, be covered with a cement or bituminous binder to ...
John Macadam was born at Northbank, Glasgow, Scotland, on 29 May 1827, [1] the son of William Macadam (1783-1853) and Helen, née Stevenson (1803-1857). [2] His father was a Glasgow businessman, who owned a spinning and textile printing works in Kilmarnock, and was a burgess and a bailie (magistrate) of Glasgow. [3]
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The atmospheric engine built by Thomas Newcomen to pump water from the mines powered the Industrial Revolution. Plantations conceived by Joseph Banks in New Zealand and Australia with James Cook sowed the seeds of the global economy. Mechanisation emerged in the cotton industry from John Kay's flying shuttle and James Hargreaves’ spinning jenny.
John Loudon McAdam (1756–1836), Scottish engineer noted for inventing the process of "macadamization" of roads John McAdam (politician) (1807–1893), Irish-born politician in New Brunswick, Canada John Macadam (1827–1865), Australian (Scottish-born) chemist, medical teacher and politician, after whom the Macadamia nut is named
John Lewis quotes on social justice “Get in good trouble, necessary trouble, and help redeem the soul of America.” —John Lewis from the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, Alabama, on March 1, 2020
During Industrial Revolution, John Loudon McAdam (1756–1836) designed the first modern highways, using inexpensive paving material of soil and stone aggregate , and the embanked roads a few centimeters higher than the surrounding terrain to cause water to drain away from the surface.