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The spectrum of a class M star contains lines from oxide molecules (in the visible spectrum, especially TiO) and all neutral metals, but absorption lines of hydrogen are usually absent. TiO bands can be strong in class M stars, usually dominating their visible spectrum by about M5. Vanadium(II) oxide bands become present by late M.
A class of extrasolar planets whose characteristics are similar to Jupiter, but that have high surface temperatures because they orbit very close—between approximately 0.015 and 0.5 AU (2.2 × 10 ^ 6 and 74.8 × 10 ^ 6 km)—to their parent stars, whereas Jupiter orbits its parent star (the Sun) at 5.2 AU (780 × 10 ^ 6 km), causing low ...
Stars less massive than 0.25 M ☉, called red dwarfs, are able to fuse nearly all of their mass while stars of about 1 M ☉ can only fuse about 10% of their mass. The combination of their slow fuel-consumption and relatively large usable fuel supply allows low mass stars to last about one trillion ( 10 × 10 12 ) years; the most extreme of 0. ...
Comparison of main sequence stars of each spectral class. By treating the star as an idealized energy radiator known as a black body, the luminosity L and radius R can be related to the effective temperature T eff by the Stefan–Boltzmann law: = where σ is the Stefan–Boltzmann constant. As the position of a star on the HR diagram shows its ...
Pages in category "Star types" The following 88 pages are in this category, out of 88 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. A. A-type main-sequence star;
MS stars, intermediate with normal class M stars, have barely detectable ZrO but otherwise normal class M spectra. SC stars, intermediate with carbon stars, have weak or undetectable ZrO, but strong sodium D lines and detectable but weak C 2 bands. [3] S star spectra also show other differences to those of normal M class giants.
Such stars predominate within clusters because hotter and more massive stars have exploded as supernovae, or evolved through planetary nebula phases to end as white dwarfs. Yet a few rare blue stars exist in globulars, thought to be formed by stellar mergers in their dense inner regions; these stars are known as blue stragglers.
Below there are lists the nearest stars separated by spectral type. The scope of the list is still restricted to the main sequence spectral types: M, K, F, G, A, B and O. It may be later expanded to other types, such as S, D or C. The Alpha Centauri star system is the closest star system to the Sun.
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