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Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), also known as obstetric cholestasis, cholestasis of pregnancy, jaundice of pregnancy, and prurigo gravidarum, [1] is a medical condition in which cholestasis occurs during pregnancy. [2] It typically presents with itching and can lead to complications for both mother and fetus. [2]
The usual symptoms in the mother are non-specific including nausea, vomiting, anorexia (or lack of desire to eat) and abdominal pain; excessive thirst may be the earliest symptom without overlap with otherwise considered normal pregnancy symptoms; [5] however, jaundice and fever may occur in as many as 70% of patients.
[43] [41] Nonetheless, PSC accounts for 6% of liver transplants in the US due to its eventual progression to end-stage liver disease, with a mean transplant-free survival of 21.3 year. [41] Though 40-50% of patients are asymptomatic, commonly reported symptoms include abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant, pruritus, jaundice, fatigue, and ...
Jaundice, also known as icterus, is a yellowish or greenish pigmentation of the skin and sclera due to high bilirubin levels. [3] [6] Jaundice in adults is typically a sign indicating the presence of underlying diseases involving abnormal heme metabolism, liver dysfunction, or biliary-tract obstruction. [7]
Clinically, jaundice or dark urine present in approximately one-third of the cases, and most of the symptoms are related to anemia. [5] Other less commonly observed causes of hemolysis include: Hemolysis secondary to drug toxicity [15] Thalassemia minor [16] Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia [17]
Gilbert syndrome (GS) is a syndrome in which the liver of affected individuals processes bilirubin more slowly than the majority. [1] Many people never have symptoms. [1] Occasionally jaundice (a slight yellowish color of the skin or whites of the eyes) may occur. [1]
Acute liver failure is the appearance of severe complications rapidly after the first signs (such as jaundice) of liver disease, and indicates that the liver has sustained severe damage (loss of function of 80–90% of liver cells).
Some may report jaundice (yellow discoloration of the skin and the whites of the eyes). [1] Physical examination findings typically include jaundice and right upper quadrant tenderness. [1] Charcot's triad is a set of three common findings in cholangitis: abdominal pain, jaundice, and fever. [4]