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Input Chart for determining RMR parameter intact rock strength Input Chart for determining RMR combined parameters RQD and discontinuity spacing. The details for calculating RMR are given by Edumine [4] and provide a series of tables for RMR determination while the latest charts for the same purpose are given in the references and further ...
Cohesion is the component of shear strength of a rock or soil that is independent of interparticle friction. In soils, true cohesion is caused by following: Electrostatic forces in stiff overconsolidated clays (which may be lost through weathering) Cementing by Fe 2 O 3, Ca CO 3, Na Cl, etc. There can also be apparent cohesion. This is caused by:
The turning rotation of a vessel about its vertical/Z axis. An offset or deviation from normal on this axis is referred to as deviation or set. This is referred to as the heading of the boat relative to a magnetic compass (or true heading if referenced to the true north pole); it also affects the bearing.
The equations that govern the deformation of jointed rocks are the same as those used to describe the motion of a continuum: [13] ˙ + = ˙ = = ˙: + = where (,) is the mass density, ˙ is the material time derivative of , (,) = ˙ (,) is the particle velocity, is the particle displacement, ˙ is the material time derivative of , (,) is the Cauchy stress tensor, (,) is the body force density ...
There are no guidelines given by the GSI, or by any other system, for the estimation of the rock mass’ residual strength that yield consistent results. [ 1 ] Another method is that defined in the work of Cole & Stroud whereby the basic strength, in Newtons , and the shear strength in Kg/cm2, can be estimated empirically by varied responses to ...
Rock balancing (also stone balancing, or stacking) is a form of recreation or artistic expression in which rocks are piled in balanced stacks, often in a precarious manner. Conservationists and park services have expressed concerns that the arrangements of rocks can disrupt animal habitats, accelerate soil erosion, and misdirect hikers in areas ...
In geology, size strength classification is a two-parameter rock classification based on the strength of intact rock and the spacing of discontinuities in the rock mass. It was developed by Louis and Franklin (1970–75). The size-strength approach to rock mass characterisation has been found helpful in various mining and civil engineering ...
Gabion – Cage full of rock; Keyline design – Landscaping to optimize water usage; Land restoration – Process of restoring land to a different state; Grading (earthworks) – In civil engineering, creating a profile; Spoil tip – Pile built of accumulated spoil; Subgrade – Material underneath a road or track