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Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) is cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in a newborn baby. [1] Most have no symptoms. [1] Some affected babies are small. [1] Other signs and symptoms include a rash, jaundice, hepatomegaly, retinitis, and seizures. [1] [2] It may lead to loss of hearing or vision, developmental disability, or a small head. [1]
The CMV pp65 assay is widely used for monitoring CMV infection and its response to antiviral treatment in people who are under immunosuppressive therapy and have had renal transplantation surgery, as the antigenemia results are obtained about 5 days before the onset of symptomatic CMV disease.
Letermovir (INN; brand name Prevymis) is an antiviral drug for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections. It has been tested in CMV infected patients with allogeneic stem cell transplants and may also be useful for other patients with a compromised immune system such as those with organ transplants or HIV infections. [3]
Cidofovir, brand name Vistide, is a topical or injectable antiviral medication primarily used as a treatment for cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis (an infection of the retina of the eye) in people with AIDS. [4] [5] Cidofovir was approved for medical use in 1996. [6]
Diseases associated with HHV-5 include mononucleosis and pneumonia, [4] [5] and congenital CMV in infants can lead to deafness and ambulatory problems. [6] In the medical literature, most mentions of CMV without further specification refer implicitly to human CMV. Human CMV is the most studied of all cytomegaloviruses. [7]
In industrialized countries, prophylactic antibiotic treatment of the mothers identified with group B streptococcus, early identification of sepsis in the newborn, and administration of antibiotics to the newborn has reduced mortality. [31] Neonatal herpes in North America is estimated to be from 5 – 80 per 100,000 live births.
Maribavir, sold under the brand name Livtencity, is an antiviral medication that is used to treat post-transplant cytomegalovirus (CMV). [8] [9] Maribavir is a cytomegalovirus pUL97 kinase inhibitor that works by preventing the activity of human cytomegalovirus enzyme pUL97, thus blocking virus replication.
A phase 2 study of a recombinant gB protein subunit CMV-vaccine published in 2009 indicated an efficacy of 50% in seronegative women of childbearing age—thus the protection provided was limited and a number of subjects contracted CMV infection despite the vaccination. In one case congenital CMV was encountered. [2] [10]