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Mendelson's syndrome, named in 1946 for American obstetrician and cardiologist Curtis Lester Mendelson, is a form of chemical pneumonitis or aspiration pneumonitis caused by aspiration of stomach contents (principally gastric acid) during anaesthesia in childbirth.
[13] [15] Pneumonia is also the leading cause of death in children less than five years of age in low income countries. [15] The most common cause of pneumonia is pneumococcal bacteria, Streptococcus pneumoniae accounts for 2/3 of bacteremic pneumonias. [16] Invasive pneumococcal pneumonia has a mortality rate of around 20%. [14]
Aspiration pneumonia most often develops due to micro-aspiration of saliva, or bacteria carried on food and liquids, in combination with impaired host immune function. [30] Chronic inflammation of the lungs is a key feature in aspiration pneumonia in elderly nursing home residents and presents as a sporadic fever (one day per week for several ...
The combination of cell destruction and fluid-filled alveoli interrupts the transportation of oxygen into the bloodstream. In addition to their effects on the lungs, many viruses affect other organs. Viral infections weaken the immune system, making the body more susceptible to bacterial infection, including bacterial pneumonia.
Aspiration pneumonitis (Mendelson's syndrome) is chemical injury of lung tissue secondary to aspiration of regurtitated gastric acid. [15] The syndrome was first described among pregnant patients [16] after the administration of anesthesia, though it can occur in any scenario where gastric contents are aspirated. [17]
Mendelson's syndrome is a type of chemical pneumonitis. Mineral oil should not be given internally to young children, pets, or anyone with a cough, hiatal hernia, or nocturnal reflux, because it can cause complications such as lipoid pneumonia. [3] Due to its low density, it is easily aspirated into the lungs, where it cannot be removed by the ...
Pneumonia and sepsis are the most common triggers, and pneumonia is present in up to 60% of patients and may be either causes or complications of ARDS. Alcohol excess appears to increase the risk of ARDS. [47] Diabetes was originally thought to decrease the risk of ARDS, but this has shown to be due to an increase in the risk of pulmonary edema.
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a condition caused by bacterial toxins. [1] Symptoms may include fever , rash , skin peeling , and low blood pressure . [ 1 ] There may also be symptoms related to the specific underlying infection such as mastitis , osteomyelitis , necrotising fasciitis , or pneumonia .