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Sudarsky's classification of gas giants for the purpose of predicting their appearance based on their temperature was outlined by David Sudarsky and colleagues in the paper Albedo and Reflection Spectra of Extrasolar Giant Planets [1] and expanded on in Theoretical Spectra and Atmospheres of Extrasolar Giant Planets, [2] published before any successful direct or indirect observation of an ...
The smallest known extrasolar planet that is likely a "gas planet" is Kepler-138d, which has the same mass as Earth but is 60% larger and therefore has a density that indicates a thick gas envelope. [16] A low-mass gas planet can still have a radius resembling that of a gas giant if it has the right temperature. [17]
A giant planet, sometimes referred to as a jovian planet (Jove being another name for the Roman god Jupiter), is a diverse type of planet much larger than Earth. Giant planets are usually primarily composed of low- boiling point materials ( volatiles ), rather than rock or other solid matter, but massive solid planets can also exist.
Continued exoplanet discoveries allow a statistical analysis of planet types, and the identification of distinct planetary populations of certain mass and radii. This allows an expansion of the definition of categories such as "terrestrial" planets or "gas giants" beyond that seen in the Solar System, to the range of all known exoplanets. [17]
“The planet is basically super fluffy” because it's made mostly of light gases rather than solids, lead author Khalid Barkaoui of Massachusetts Institute of Technology said in a statement
This type of atmosphere loss may be common to all planets orbiting Sun-like stars closer than around 0.1 AU. [54] In addition to hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen, HD 209458 b is thought to have water vapor in its atmosphere. [55] [56] [57] Sodium and water vapour has also been observed in the atmosphere of HD 189733 b, [58] [59] another hot gas ...
Motion interpolation of seven images of the HR 8799 system taken from the W. M. Keck Observatory over seven years, featuring four exoplanets. This is a list of extrasolar planets that have been directly observed, sorted by observed separations. This method works best for young planets that emit infrared light and are far from the glare of the star.
Solid objects include Earth, smaller terrestrial planets and moons; with Uranus and Neptune (as well as later mini-Neptune and Super Earth planets) as transitional objects between solid and gaseous. Saturn, Jupiter and large gas giant planets are in a fully "gaseous" state.