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Assets are resources that have economic value and are expected to provide future benefits to a business or individual. Expenses are costs incurred to generate revenue or maintain a business operation.
In accounting, the revenue recognition principle states that revenues are earned and recognized when they are realized or realizable, no matter when cash is received. It is a cornerstone of accrual accounting together with the matching principle. Together, they determine the accounting period in which revenues and expenses are recognized. [1]
Earning revenues 6 − 200 − 200 Paying expenses (e.g. rent or professional fees) or dividends 7 + 100 − 100 Recording expenses, but not paying them at the moment 8 − 500 − 500 Paying a debt that you owe 9 0 0 0 Receiving cash for sale of an asset: one asset is exchanged for another; no change in assets or liabilities
Liquidity is a prime concern in a banking environment and a shortage of liquidity has often been a trigger for bank failures. Holding assets in a highly liquid form tends to reduce the income from that asset (cash, for example, is the most liquid asset of all but pays no interest) so banks will try to reduce liquid assets as far as possible.
Revenue and expense should be kept separate from personal expenses. Going concern: assumes that the business will be in operation indefinitely. This validates the methods of asset capitalization, depreciation, and amortization. Only when liquidation is certain is this assumption not applicable.
The matching principle of accounting calls for revenues and expenses to be recorded in the period in which they are incurred. When a sale is made on account, revenue is recorded along with account receivable. [7] Because there is an inherent risk that clients might default on payment, accounts receivable have to be recorded at net realizable ...
When the revenue is recognized, it is recorded as a receivable. Accrued expenses have not yet been paid for, so they are recorded in a payable account. Expenses for interest, taxes, rent, and salaries are commonly accrued for reporting purposes. An income which has been earned but it has not been received yet during the accounting period.
Financial statement analysis (or just financial analysis) is the process of reviewing and analyzing a company's financial statements to make better economic decisions to earn income in future. These statements include the income statement , balance sheet , statement of cash flows , notes to accounts and a statement of changes in equity (if ...