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2. Mathematical constant - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_constant

   The circumference of a circle with diameter 1 is π.. A mathematical constant is a number whose value is fixed by an unambiguous definition, often referred to by a special symbol (e.g., an alphabet letter), or by mathematicians' names to facilitate using it across multiple mathematical problems. [1]

3. Relation (mathematics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relation_(mathematics)

   As an example, "is less than" is a relation on the set of natural numbers; it holds, for instance, between the values 1 and 3 (denoted as 1 < 3), and likewise between 3 and 4 (denoted as 3 < 4), but not between the values 3 and 1 nor between 4 and 4, that is, 3 < 1 and 4 < 4 both evaluate to false.

4. Magnitude (mathematics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_(mathematics)

   In mathematics, the magnitude or size of a mathematical object is a property which determines whether the object is larger or smaller than other objects of the same kind. More formally, an object's magnitude is the displayed result of an ordering (or ranking) of the class of objects to which it belongs.

5. State diagram - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_diagram

   A state diagram for a door that can only be opened and closed. A state diagram is used in computer science and related fields to describe the behavior of systems. State diagrams require that the system is composed of a finite number of states. Sometimes, this is indeed the case, while at other times this is a reasonable abstraction.

6. Relative interior - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_interior

   Formally, the relative interior of a set (denoted ⁡ ()) is defined as its interior within the affine hull of . [1] In other words, ⁡ ():= {: > ⁡ ()}, where ⁡ is the affine hull of , and () is a ball of radius centered on . Any metric can be used for the construction of the ball; all metrics define the same set as the relative interior.

7. State-space representation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State-space_representation

   The state space or phase space is the geometric space in which the axes are the state variables. The system state can be represented as a vector, the state vector. If the dynamical system is linear, time-invariant, and finite-dimensional, then the differential and algebraic equations may be written in matrix form.