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A solution in radicals or algebraic solution is an expression of a solution of a polynomial equation that is algebraic, that is, relies only on addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, raising to integer powers, and extraction of n th roots (square roots, cube roots, etc.). A well-known example is the quadratic formula
On Padé approximations to the exponential function and A-stable methods for the numerical solution of initial value problems (PDF) (Thesis). Hairer, Ernst; Nørsett, Syvert Paul; Wanner, Gerhard (1993), Solving ordinary differential equations I: Nonstiff problems , Berlin, New York: Springer-Verlag , ISBN 978-3-540-56670-0 .
In numerical analysis, the Runge–Kutta methods (English: / ˈ r ʊ ŋ ə ˈ k ʊ t ɑː / ⓘ RUUNG-ə-KUUT-tah [1]) are a family of implicit and explicit iterative methods, which include the Euler method, used in temporal discretization for the approximate solutions of simultaneous nonlinear equations. [2]
In the case of two nested square roots, the following theorem completely solves the problem of denesting. [2]If a and c are rational numbers and c is not the square of a rational number, there are two rational numbers x and y such that + = if and only if is the square of a rational number d.
Radical extensions occur naturally when solving polynomial equations in radicals.In fact a solution in radicals is the expression of the solution as an element of a radical series: a polynomial f over a field K is said to be solvable by radicals if there is a splitting field of f over K contained in a radical extension of K.
0–9. Radical 1; Radical 2; Radical 3; Radical 4; Radical 5; Radical 6; Radical 7; Radical 8; Radical 9; Radical 10; Radical 11; Radical 12; Radical 13; Radical 14 ...
Plot of the Bring radical for real argument. In algebra, the Bring radical or ultraradical of a real number a is the unique real root of the polynomial + +.. The Bring radical of a complex number a is either any of the five roots of the above polynomial (it is thus multi-valued), or a specific root, which is usually chosen such that the Bring radical is real-valued for real a and is an ...
For the copolymerization of a given pair of monomers, the two experimental reactivity ratios r 1 and r 2 permit the evaluation of (Q 1 /Q 2) and (e 1 – e 2). Values for each monomer can then be assigned relative to a reference monomer, usually chosen as styrene with the arbitrary values Q = 1.0 and e = –0.8.