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Wildlife conservation refers to the practice of protecting wild species and their habitats in order to maintain healthy wildlife species or populations and to restore, protect or enhance natural ecosystems. Major threats to wildlife include habitat destruction, degradation, fragmentation, overexploitation, poaching, pollution, climate change ...
Ecosystem services are the various benefits that humans derive from healthy ecosystems. These ecosystems, when functioning well, offer such things as provision of food, natural pollination of crops, clean air and water, decomposition of wastes, or flood control. Ecosystem services are grouped into four broad categories of services.
A shift of 1 or 100% (darker colours) indicates that the region has fully moved into a completely different biome zone type. [1] Climate changeis already now altering biomes, adversely affecting terrestrial and marine ecosystems. [2][3]Climate change represents long-term changes in temperature and average weather patterns.
Protected areas or conservation areas are locations which receive protection because of their recognized natural or cultural values. Protected areas are those areas in which human presence or the exploitation of natural resources (e.g. firewood, non-timber forest products, water, ...) is limited. [ 1 ]
New Zealand, showing mountains dividing a wet largely forested west coast from a drier east coast. The environment of New Zealand is characterised by an endemic flora and fauna which has evolved in near isolation from the rest of the world. [ 1 ] The main islands of New Zealand span two biomes, temperate and subtropical, complicated by large ...
It is a plan based on ecological theory and knowledge (Sedon, 1986, Leita and Ahern, 2002). [3] Landscape ecology considers the lithosphere , biosphere and wisdom circle in the human living space as an integral part of the overall human ecosystem , and studies the structural and functional relationships between the various landscape elements ...
The National Wildlife Refuge System (NWRS) is a system of protected areas of the United States managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), an agency within the Department of the Interior. The National Wildlife Refuge System is the system of public lands and waters set aside to conserve America's fish, wildlife, and plants.
Universal natural resourcesand physical phenomenathat lack clear-cut boundaries, such as air, water and climate, as well as energy, radiation, electric chargeand magnetism, not originating from civilized human actions. In contrast to the natural environment is the built environment.