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Expenditure function. In microeconomics, the expenditure function gives the minimum amount of money an individual needs to spend to achieve some level of utility, given a utility function and the prices of the available goods. Formally, if there is a utility function that describes preferences over n commodities, the expenditure function.
hide. The net present value (NPV) or net present worth (NPW) [ 1 ] is a way of measuring the value of an asset that has cashflow by adding up the present value of all the future cash flows that asset will generate. The present value of a cash flow depends on the interval of time between now and the cash flow because of the Time value of money ...
Personal budgets are usually created to help an individual or a household of people to control their spending and achieve their financial goals. Having a budget can help people feel more in control of their finances and make it easier for them to not overspend and to save money. [ 3 ] People who budget their money are less likely to amass large ...
deferred ( years). No fixed meaning, implies the second moment to calculate but often implying double force of interest. Actuarial notation is a shorthand method to allow actuaries to record mathematical formulas that deal with interest rates and life tables. Traditional notation uses a halo system, where symbols are placed as superscript or ...
Annual percentage rate. Parts of total cost and effective APR for a 12-month, 5% monthly interest, $100 loan paid off in equally sized monthly payments. The term annual percentage rate of charge (APR), [ 1 ][ 2 ] corresponding sometimes to a nominal APR and sometimes to an effective APR (EAPR), [ 3 ] is the interest rate for a whole year ...
The permanent income hypothesis (PIH) is a model in the field of economics to explain the formation of consumption patterns. It suggests consumption patterns are formed from future expectations and consumption smoothing. [α] The theory was developed by Milton Friedman and published in his A Theory of the Consumption Function, published in 1957 ...
A deferred expense, also known as a prepayment or prepaid expense, is an asset representing cash paid in advance for goods or services to be received in a future accounting period. For example, if a service contract is paid quarterly in advance, the remaining two months at the end of the first month are considered a deferred expense.
Advance payment. An advance payment, or simply an advance, is the part of a contractually due sum that is paid or received in advance for goods or services, while the balance included in the invoice will only follow the delivery. The term "advance" may also refer to a loan. [1]
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