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There are six fundamental rights recognized in the Constitution of India: the right to equality (Articles 14-18): Article 14: Equality before law. Article 15: Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth. Article 16: Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.
Freedom in the World was launched in 1973 by Raymond Gastil. It produces annual scores representing the levels of political rights and civil liberties in each state and territory, on a scale from 1 (most free) to 7 (least free). Depending on the ratings, the nations are then classified as "Free", "Partly Free", or "Not Free". [ 3 ]
Articles 6–11 refer to the fundamental legality of human rights with specific remedies cited for their defence when violated. Articles 12–17 set forth the rights of the individual towards the community, including freedom of movement and residence within each state, the right of property, the right to a nationality and right to asylum.
The EU has its own human rights document; the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. [87] The European Convention on Human Rights defines and guarantees since 1950 human rights and fundamental freedoms in Europe. [88]
Freedom of speech by country. A map of nations which have Lèse-majesté laws as of September 2022. Freedom of speech is the concept of the inherent human right to voice one's opinion publicly without fear of censorship or punishment. "Speech" is not limited to public speaking and is generally taken to include other forms of expression.
Adopted in 1791, freedom of speech is a feature of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. [ 17 ] The French Declaration provides for freedom of expression in Article 11, which states that: The free communication of ideas and opinions is one of the most precious of the rights of man.
Three generations of human rights. The division of human rights into three generations was initially proposed in 1979 by the Czech jurist Karel Vasak at the International Institute of Human Rights in Strasbourg. He used the term at least as early as November 1977. [ 1 ] Vasak's theories have primarily taken root in European law.
Rights. While belief in the sanctity of human life has ancient precedents in many religions of the world, the foundations of modern human rights began during the era of renaissance humanism in the early modern period. The European wars of religion and the civil wars of seventeenth-century Kingdom of England gave rise to the philosophy of ...