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  2. Magdeburg hemispheres - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg_hemispheres

    The first artificial vacuum had been produced a few years earlier by Evangelista Torricelli and inspired Guericke to design the world's first vacuum pump, which consisted of a piston and cylinder with one-way flap valves. The hemispheres became popular in physics lectures as an illustration of the strength of air pressure, and are still used in ...

  3. An Experiment on a Bird in the Air Pump - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Experiment_on_a_Bird_in...

    Title-page of Robert Boyle's New Experiments of 1660, in which he detailed how to perform the experiment. In 1659, Robert Boyle commissioned the construction of an air pump, then described as a "pneumatic engine", which is known today as a "vacuum pump".

  4. Torricelli's experiment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torricelli's_experiment

    Even Galileo accepted it, believing that the pull of vacuum creates a siphon and that the pull can be overcome if the siphon is high enough. In the 17th century, Evangelista Torricelli conducted experiments with mercury that allowed him to measure the presence of air. He would dip a glass tube, closed at one end, into a bowl of mercury and ...

  5. Vacuum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum

    Vacuum pump and bell jar for vacuum experiments, used in science education during the early 20th century, on display in the Schulhistorische Sammlung ('School Historical Museum'), Bremerhaven, Germany. A vacuum (pl.: vacuums or vacua) is space devoid of matter. The word is derived from the Latin adjective vacuus (neuter vacuum) meaning "vacant ...

  6. Vacuum pump - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_pump

    A vacuum pump is a type of pump device that draws gas particles from a ... Robert Boyle improved Guericke's design and conducted experiments on the properties of vacuum.

  7. Bell jar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_jar

    Bell jars are often used in laboratories to form and contain a vacuum. It is a common science apparatus used in experiments. [1] Bell jars have a limited ability to create strong vacuums; vacuum chambers are available when higher performance is needed. They have been used to demonstrate the effect of vacuum on sound propagation.

  8. Otto von Guericke - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_von_Guericke

    In 1650 von Guericke invented the vacuum pump. [23] His model consisting of a piston and an air gun cylinder with two-way flaps designed to pull air out of whatever vessel it was connected to, and used it to investigate the properties of the vacuum in many experiments. [24] Guericke demonstrated the force of air pressure with dramatic experiments.

  9. Ultra-high vacuum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra-high_vacuum

    Ultra-high vacuum (often spelled ultrahigh in American English, UHV) is the vacuum regime characterised by pressures lower than about 1 × 10 −6 pascals (1.0 × 10 −8 mbar; 7.5 × 10 −9 Torr). UHV conditions are created by pumping the gas out of a UHV chamber.

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