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It contains ethinylestradiol, an estrogen, and etonogestrel, a progestin. [2] It is used by insertion into the vagina. [1] Pregnancy occurs in about 0.3% of women with perfect use and 9% of women with typical use. [3] Common side effects include irregular vaginal bleeding, nausea, sore breasts, vaginitis, mood changes, and headache. [4]
List of side effects of estradiol which may occur as a result of its use or have been associated with estrogen and/or progestogen therapy includes: [1] [2]. Gynecological: changes in vaginal bleeding, dysmenorrhea, increase in size of uterine leiomyomata, vaginitis including vaginal candidiasis, changes in cervical secretion and cervical ectropion, ovarian cancer, endometrial hyperplasia ...
Estriol is well-tolerated and produces relatively few adverse effects. [12] [18] Side effects may include breast tenderness, vaginal discomfort and discharge, and endometrial hyperplasia. [12] [18] Estriol is a naturally occurring and bioidentical estrogen, or an agonist of the estrogen receptor, the biological target of estrogens like ...
As unopposed estrogen therapy (using estrogen alone without progesterone) increases the risk of endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer in women with intact uteruses, estradiol is usually combined with a progestogen like progesterone or medroxyprogesterone acetate to prevent the effects of estradiol on the endometrium.
Estrogen and other hormones are given to postmenopausal women in order to prevent osteoporosis as well as treat the symptoms of menopause such as hot flashes, vaginal dryness, urinary stress incontinence, chilly sensations, dizziness, fatigue, irritability, and sweating. Fractures of the spine, wrist, and hips decrease by 50 to 70% and spinal ...
The incidence of certain side effects is different for the different formulations: for example, breakthrough bleeding is much more common with progestogen-only methods. Certain serious complications occasionally caused by estrogen-containing contraceptives are not believed to be caused by progestogen-only formulations: deep vein thrombosis is ...
Headache, breast pain or tenderness, nausea, vomiting, hair loss, vaginal discharge or irritation, and mood changes are some of the common side effects that may occur while using an estrogen patch. [10] More serious side effects may include fever, loss of appetite, joint pain, difficulty breathing or swallowing, and yellowing of the skin or eyes.
Estrone is an estrogen, specifically an agonist of the estrogen receptors (ERs) ERα and ERβ. [5] [44] It is a far less potent estrogen than is estradiol, and as such is a relatively weak estrogen. [5] [44] Given by subcutaneous injection in mice, estradiol is about 10-fold more potent than estrone and about 100-fold more potent than estriol. [45]